PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 125957 collections

Show less time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Mesozoic Subages		Ordovician of Britain				Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan									0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Chibanian								Middle Pleistocene	0.129
		Calabrian								Early Pleistocene	0.774
		Gelasian								Early Pleistocene	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Late Pliocene	2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean								Early Pliocene	3.6
	Miocene	Messinian								Late Miocene	5.333
		Tortonian								Late Miocene	7.246
		Serravallian								Middle Miocene	11.63
		Langhian								Middle Miocene	13.82
		Burdigalian								Early Miocene	15.98
		Aquitanian								Early Miocene	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Late Oligocene	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian								Early Oligocene	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian								Late Eocene	33.9
		Bartonian								Middle Eocene	37.71
		Lutetian								Middle Eocene	41.2
		Ypresian								Early Eocene	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian								Late Paleocene	56
		Selandian								Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Danian								Early Paleocene	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian								66
		Campanian	Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian								72.1
		Santonian	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian								83.6
		Coniacian	Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian	Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian								89.8
		Cenomanian	Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian								93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Late Albian								100.5
			Middle Albian								106.2 *
			Early Albian								109.9 *
		Aptian	Late Aptian								113
		Aptian	Early Aptian								119.5 *
		Barremian	Late Barremian/Early Barremian								121.4
		Hauterivian	Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian								125.77
		Valanginian	Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian								132.6
		Berriasian	Late Berriasian								139.8
			Middle Berriasian								140.6 *
			Early Berriasian								142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian							145
		Tithonian	Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian							146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian	Late Kimmeridgian								149.2
		Kimmeridgian	Early Kimmeridgian								152.2 *
		Oxfordian	Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian							154.8
		Oxfordian		Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian							157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian	Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian								161.5
		Bathonian	Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian								165.3
		Bajocian	Late Bajocian								168.2
		Bajocian	Early Bajocian								168.6 *
		Aalenian	Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian								170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Late Toarcian								174.7
			Middle Toarcian								180.4 *
			Early Toarcian								182.9 *
		Pliensbachian	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian								184.2
		Sinemurian	Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian								192.9
		Hettangian	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian								199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
		Norian	Sevatian								208.5
			Alaunian								213.2 *
			Lacian								216.7 *
		Carnian	Tuvalian								227
		Carnian	Julian								233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Longobardian		237
		Ladinian	Fassanian		239.7 *
		Anisian	Illyrian		242
			Pelsonian		243.8 *
			Bithynian		244.7 *
			Aegean		245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Spathian		247.2
		Olenekian	Smithian		248.9 *
		Induan	Dienerian		251.2
			Griesbachian		251.4 *
			Griesbachian		Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Kathwai	Melekhovian	251.902
							252.4 *
					Chhidru		252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian			Chhidru		254.14
					Kalabagh		255 *
					Wargal		256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
		Wordian					264.28
						Noginskian	264.9 *
							265.3 *
					Amb		266.1 *
		Roadian			Amb		266.9
		Roadian					270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Kungurian				Pavlovoposadian	276.8 *
		Artinskian				Pavlovoposadian	283.5
		Artinskian				Rusavkinian	287.6 *
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Kasimovian				Dorogomilovian	303.7
						Khamovnikian	304.8
						Krevyakinian	305.8 *
		Moscovian				Myachkovian	307
						Podolskian	308.9 *
						Kashirian	311.4 *
						Vereian	313.8
						Melekessian	314.8
		Bashkirian				Melekessian	315.2
						Cheremshanian	316.9 *
						Prikamian	318.6 *
						Severokeltmian	319.9 *
						Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
						Voznesenian	321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Zapaltjubian	323.2
						Protvian	324.4 *
				Steshevian		326.8 *
				Tarusian		329 *
		Visean		Venevian		330.9
				Mikhailovian		331.9 *
				Aleksinian		333.7 *
				Tulian		335.8 *
				Bobrikian		339.9 *
				Radaevkian		343.4 *
		Tournaisian		Kosvian		346.7
				Kizelian		350.7 *
				Cherepetian		351.9 *
				Karakubian		354.4 *
				Upinian		356.3 *
				Malevkian		357.6 *
				Gumerovian		358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ashgill			Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian				Rawtheyan	445.2
						Cautleyan	448.9 *
						Pusgillian	449.3 *
			Caradoc			Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
						Cheneyan		451.5 *
						Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian						453
							Actonian †	453.2 *
							Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
					Longvillian †		455.2 *
					Longvillian †	Aurelucian	456.8 *
					Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian	Aurelucian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
		Dapingian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
		Dapingian	Arenig		Fennian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Fennian			470
					Whitlandian			471.1 *
					Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc		Migneintian			477.7
			Tremadoc		Cressagian			480.8 *
								485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						485.4
		Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						497
		Guzhangian						Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian							500.5
		Wuliuan							504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Branchian	509
		Stage 3						Branchian	514
		Stage 3						Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
											538.8