PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 125962 collections

Show less time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of North America		Permian Subages of Germany	Cambrian of West Avalonia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan									0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Chibanian									0.129
		Calabrian									0.774
		Gelasian									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean									3.6
	Miocene	Messinian									5.333
		Tortonian									7.246
		Serravallian									11.63
		Langhian									13.82
		Burdigalian									15.98
		Aquitanian									20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
		Bartonian									37.71
		Lutetian									41.2
		Ypresian									47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian									56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
		Campanian									72.1
		Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
		Aptian									113
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Oteke	Puaroan					145
		Kimmeridgian			Oteke	Puaroan					149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan					150
						Heterian					154.5
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Callovian				Temaikan					164.3
		Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian									168.2
		Aalenian									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
		Toarcian			Herangi	Ururoan					176
		Pliensbachian				Ururoan					184.2
		Pliensbachian				Aratauran					188.9
		Sinemurian									192.9
		Hettangian									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Balfour	Otapirian					201.4
		Norian				Warepan					208.5
						Otamitan					217
						Oretian					221
		Carnian				Oretian					227
		Carnian			Gore	Kaihikuan					227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Kaihikuan					237
		Ladinian				Etalian					238
		Anisian				Etalian					242
		Anisian				Malakovian					246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Malakovian					247.2
		Olenekian				Nelsonian					249
		Induan	251.2			Nelsonian
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	Buntsandstein	251.902
		Changhsingian		Waiitian		253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian		254.14
				Puruhauan		254.2
				Puruhauan		Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Severodvinian	Aparima	Flettian		Capitanian	Ohre/Aller	259.51
		Wordian	Urzhumian		Flettian		Wordian	Leine	264.28
		Wordian	Urzhumian		Barettian		Wordian	Leine	266
		Roadian	Kazanian			Povolzhian	Roadian		266.9
		Roadian	Kazanian			Sokian	Roadian		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kungurian			Irenian/Ufimian	Leonardian		Cathedralian	273.01
					Mangapirian	Irenian/Ufimian				276
						Filipovian				276.5 *
						Saraninian				280.1 *
						Saraninian			Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian	Artinskian			Sarginian				283.5
					Telfordian	Sarginian				285
						Irginian				285.9 *
						Irginian	Wolfcampian		Lenoxian	286.1 *
						Burtsevian				287.8 *
						Burtsevian				288.5
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian			Sterlitamakian				290.1
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian			Tastubian				291.7 *
		Asselian	Asselian			Shikhanian			Nealian	293.52
						Uskalykian				294.8
						Surenian				297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								298.9
		Kasimovian								303.7
		Moscovian								307
		Bashkirian								315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian								323.2
		Visean								330.9
		Tournaisian								346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian								372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian								387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								393.3
		Pragian								407.6
		Lochkovian								410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								443.8
		Katian								445.2
		Sandbian								453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian								467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian								470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian								477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								485.4
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								497
		Guzhangian								Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian									500.5
		Wuliuan									504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								Branchian	509
		Stage 3								Branchian	514
		Stage 3								Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
											538.8