PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

This timescale is used in the definition of 126668 collections

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Cambrian of West Avalonia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				0
		Northgrippian				0.0042
		Greenlandian				0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				0.0117
		Chibanian				0.129
		Calabrian				0.774
		Gelasian				1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean				3.6
	Miocene	Messinian				5.333
		Tortonian				7.246
		Serravallian				11.63
		Langhian				13.82
		Burdigalian				15.98
		Aquitanian				20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				33.9
		Bartonian				37.71
		Lutetian				41.2
		Ypresian				47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian				56
		Selandian				59.2
		Danian				61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Lancian/Edmontonian		66
		Campanian		Judithian/Aquilan		72.1
		Santonian				83.6
		Coniacian				86.3
		Turonian				89.8
		Cenomanian				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				100.5
		Aptian				113
		Barremian				121.4
		Hauterivian				125.77
		Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
		Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				168.2
		Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
		Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
		Norian				208.5
		Carnian				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Vokhmian			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Vokhmian			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian			259.51
		Wordian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian			264.28
		Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		485.4
		Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		497
		Guzhangian		Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian			500.5
		Wuliuan			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Branchian	509
		Stage 3		Branchian	514
		Stage 3		Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian			529
						538.8