PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126156 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cambrian of Australia	Permian of North America		Cambrian of Britain		Ordovician of Australia	Ordovician of North America				Cambrian of West Avalonia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan															0
		Northgrippian															0.0042
		Greenlandian															0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															0.0117
		Chibanian															0.129
		Calabrian															0.774
		Gelasian															1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian															2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean															3.6
	Miocene	Messinian															5.333
		Tortonian															7.246
		Serravallian															11.63
		Langhian															13.82
		Burdigalian															15.98
		Aquitanian															20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian															27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
		Bartonian															37.71
		Lutetian															41.2
		Ypresian															47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian															56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Oteke	Puaroan												145
		Kimmeridgian		Oteke	Puaroan												149.2
				Kawhia	Ohauan												150
					Heterian												154.5
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Callovian			Temaikan												164.3
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian															168.2
		Aalenian															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan												176
		Pliensbachian			Ururoan												184.2
		Pliensbachian			Aratauran												188.9
		Sinemurian															192.9
		Hettangian															199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour	Otapirian												201.4
		Norian			Warepan												208.5
					Otamitan												217
					Oretian												221
		Carnian			Oretian												227
		Carnian		Gore	Kaihikuan												227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Kaihikuan												237
		Ladinian			Etalian												238
		Anisian			Etalian												242
		Anisian			Malakovian												246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Malakovian												247.2
		Olenekian			Nelsonian												249
		Induan	251.2		Nelsonian
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	Meishanian	251.902
				Waiitian	Meishanian	253.2
					Baoqingian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian			Laoshanian	254.14
				Puruhauan	Laoshanian	254.2
				Puruhauan	Laibinian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan	Aparima	Flettian	Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian		Flettian	Wordian	264.28
		Wordian			Barettian	Wordian	266
		Roadian				Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian			Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
					Mangapirian		Cathedralian	276
							Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian						283.5
					Telfordian			285
			Longlinian					285.4 *
						Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
								288.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian				Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian					298.9
		Gzhelian						300.1
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean						330.9
		Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Bolindian	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian								Gamachian	445.2
										Richmondian	446 *
								Eastonian		Richmondian	449 *
										Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
										Edenian		450.4 *
									Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
								Gisbornian				452 *
		Sandbian										453
										Turinian		453.7 *
									Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Darriwilian					458.4
		Dapingian						Yapeenian					467.3
								Castlemainian					468.5 *
								Castlemainian		Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Chewtonian	Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
								Bendigonian						471.8 *
								Lancefieldian						473.5 *
										Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian								Tulean				477.7
										Stairsian				480.3 *
										Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
								Warendian					Demingian †	482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Datsonian			Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan			485.4
								Payntonian							486.8 *
															487.5
												Festiniogian			489.2 *
		Jiangshanian						Iverian				Festiniogian			489.5
		Jiangshanian						Iverian				Maentwrogian			493.1 *
		Paibian						Idamean				Maentwrogian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Mindyallan			St Davids				497
								Mindyallan							Arcadian	498.4
								Boomerangian								499
		Drumian						Undillan								500.5
		Drumian						Floran								503
		Wuliuan						Templetonian								504.5
		Wuliuan						Ordian								507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4						Ordian			Caerfai				Branchian	509
		Stage 4			510.8 *
		Stage 3			514
		Stage 3			Placentian			517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
																	538.8