PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126610 collections

Show less time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of West Avalonia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							0
		Northgrippian							0.0042
		Greenlandian							0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Late Pleistocene		0.0117
		Chibanian					Middle Pleistocene		0.129
		Calabrian					Early Pleistocene		0.774
		Gelasian					Early Pleistocene		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Late Pliocene		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean					Early Pliocene		3.6
	Miocene	Messinian					Late Miocene		5.333
		Tortonian					Late Miocene		7.246
		Serravallian					Middle Miocene		11.63
		Langhian					Middle Miocene		13.82
		Burdigalian					Early Miocene		15.98
		Aquitanian					Early Miocene		20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Late Oligocene		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian					Early Oligocene		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian					Late Eocene		33.9
		Bartonian					Middle Eocene		37.71
		Lutetian					Middle Eocene		41.2
		Ypresian					Early Eocene		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Late Paleocene		56
		Selandian					Middle Paleocene		59.2
		Danian					Early Paleocene		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							66
		Campanian							72.1
		Santonian							83.6
		Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian							89.8
		Cenomanian							93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							100.5
		Aptian							113
		Barremian							121.4
		Hauterivian							125.77
		Valanginian							132.6
		Berriasian							139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							145
		Kimmeridgian							149.2
		Oxfordian							154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
		Bathonian							165.3
		Bajocian		Epizigzagiceras					168.2
		Bajocian		Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense					168.4
		Aalenian		Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta					174.7
				Planulata					179.3 *
				Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi			179.8 *
				Kanense					181.3 *
				Carlottense					182.3 *
				Kunae					183.5 *
		Pliensbachian		Kunae					184.2
				Freboldi					185.1 *
				Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras				186.2 *
					Tetraspidoceras				189.2 *
				Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis				190.3 *
		Sinemurian							192.9
				Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras			196.4 *
				Franziceras/Euphyllites					196.5 *
		Hettangian		Franziceras/Euphyllites					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							201.4
		Norian							208.5
		Carnian							227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian							237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian							242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian	264.28
		Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
		Artinskian	283.5
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
		Kasimovian	303.7
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Srbsko					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Chotec					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Daleje/Zlichovian					393.3
		Pragian	Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian	Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
		Katian					445.2
		Sandbian					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					485.4
		Jiangshanian					489.5
		Paibian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					497
		Guzhangian					Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian						500.5
		Wuliuan						504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Branchian	509
		Stage 3					Branchian	514
		Stage 3					Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
									538.8