PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126144 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of Eastern North America		Carboniferous of Western Europe		Devonian Subages	Carboniferous of China	Permian of Western Europe	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Permian Subages of Germany
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan										0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Chibanian										0.129
		Calabrian										0.774
		Gelasian										1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean										3.6
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
		Serravallian										11.63
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian										15.98
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
		Bartonian										37.71
		Lutetian										41.2
		Ypresian										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian										56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Pliensbachian										184.2
		Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian										208.5
		Carnian										227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								Melekhovian	Buntsandstein	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							Zechstein		Buntsandstein	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							Rotliegendes		Ohre/Aller	259.51
		Wordian									Leine	264.28
		Wordian								Noginskian	Leine	264.9 *
		Roadian										266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian										273.01
		Kungurian								Pavlovoposadian		276.8 *
		Artinskian							Autunian	Pavlovoposadian		283.5
		Artinskian								Rusavkinian		287.6 *
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
		Asselian	Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
					Xiaodushanian	300 *
			Stephanian			Stephanian C	300.3 *
						Stephanian B	300.9 *
						Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian					Dorogomilovian	303.7
							Khamovnikian	304.8
						Cantabrian	Khamovnikian	305 *
					Dalaun		Krevyakinian	305.8 *
		Moscovian					Myachkovian	307
			Westphalian			Westphalian D	Myachkovian	307.4 *
						Westphalian D	Podolskian	308.9 *
						Westphalian C	Podolskian	309.8
							Kashirian	311.4 *
							Vereian	313.8
						Westphalian B	Vereian	314.6
							Melekessian	314.8
		Bashkirian					Melekessian	315.2
							Cheremshanian	316.9 *
						Westphalian A		317 *
					Huashibanian			318.5 *
							Prikamian	318.6 *
			Namurian			Yeadonian	Prikamian	318.8 *
						Yeadonian	Severokeltmian	319.9 *
						Marsdenian	Severokeltmian	320.2 *
					Lousuan	Marsdenian	Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
						Kinderscoutian	Krasnopolyanian	321.5 *
						Kinderscoutian	Voznesenian	321.9 *
						Alportian		322 *
						Chokierian		323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Dewunian	Chokierian	Zapaltjubian	323.2
						Arnsbergian	Zapaltjubian	324 *
							Protvian	324.4 *
							Steshevian	326.8 *
						Pendleian	Steshevian	327.4 *
							Tarusian	329 *
					Shangsian		Tarusian	330.8 *
		Visean	Warnantian			Brigantian †	Venevian	330.9
							Mikhailovian	331.9 *
							Aleksinian	333.7 *
					Jiusian		Aleksinian	335 *
							Tulian	335.8 *
			Livian			Asbian †	Tulian	336.3 *
			Livian			Asbian †	Bobrikian	339.9 *
			Moliniacian			Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	Bobrikian	340.2 *
			Moliniacian			Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Ivorian			Tangbagouan	Kosvian	346.7
							Kizelian	350.7 *
							Cherepetian	351.9 *
			Hastarian				Cherepetian	353.7 *
							Karakubian	354.4 *
							Upinian	356.3 *
							Malevkian	357.6 *
							Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway				Late Famennian			358.9
							Middle Famennian			365.3 *
							Early Famennian			368.5 *
		Frasnian	West Fallsian/Sonyean				Late Frasnian			372.2
							Middle Frasnian			375.4 *
							Early Frasnian			379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan				Cazenovian			Late Givetian	382.7
										Middle Givetian	383.7 *
										Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian	Southwoodian							Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian	Southwoodian	Early Eifelian						390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian			Late Emsian			393.3
		Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian				Early Emsian			398.3 *
		Pragian					Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian					Late Lochkovian			410.8
							Middle Lochkovian			412.8 *
							Early Lochkovian			415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								443.8
		Katian								445.2
		Sandbian								453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian								467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian								470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian								477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								485.4
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								497
		Guzhangian								Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian									500.5
		Wuliuan									504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								Branchian	509
		Stage 3								Branchian	514
		Stage 3								Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
												538.8