PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126610 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Australia	Permian of the Salt Range	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of West Avalonia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					0
		Northgrippian					0.0042
		Greenlandian					0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene		0.0117
		Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene		0.129
		Calabrian			Early Pleistocene		0.774
		Gelasian			Early Pleistocene		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Late Pliocene		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean			Early Pliocene		3.6
	Miocene	Messinian			Late Miocene		5.333
		Tortonian			Late Miocene		7.246
		Serravallian			Middle Miocene		11.63
		Langhian			Middle Miocene		13.82
		Burdigalian			Early Miocene		15.98
		Aquitanian			Early Miocene		20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Late Oligocene		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian			Early Oligocene		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian			Late Eocene		33.9
		Bartonian			Middle Eocene		37.71
		Lutetian			Middle Eocene		41.2
		Ypresian			Early Eocene		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Late Paleocene		56
		Selandian			Middle Paleocene		59.2
		Danian			Early Paleocene		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					66
		Campanian					72.1
		Santonian					83.6
		Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian					89.8
		Cenomanian					93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					100.5
		Aptian					113
		Barremian					121.4
		Hauterivian					125.77
		Valanginian					132.6
		Berriasian					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					145
		Kimmeridgian					149.2
		Oxfordian					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian					165.3
		Bajocian					168.2
		Aalenian					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					174.7
		Pliensbachian					184.2
		Sinemurian					192.9
		Hettangian					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
		Norian					208.5
		Carnian					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					247.2
		Induan					251.2
		Induan		Kathwai			251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Kathwai			251.902
							252.4 *
				Chhidru			252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian		Chhidru			254.14
				Kalabagh			255 *
				Wargal			256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
		Wordian					264.28
							265.3 *
			Amb	266.1 *
		Roadian	Amb	266.9
		Roadian		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
		Artinskian		283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
		Kasimovian		303.7
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Bolindian	443.8
		Katian		Bolindian	445.2
				Eastonian	449 *
				Gisbornian	452 *
		Sandbian		Gisbornian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian	458.4
		Dapingian		Yapeenian	467.3
		Dapingian		Castlemainian	468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Chewtonian	470
				Bendigonian	471.8 *
				Lancefieldian	473.5 *
		Tremadocian		Lancefieldian	477.7
		Tremadocian		Warendian	482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			485.4
		Jiangshanian			489.5
		Paibian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			497
		Guzhangian			Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian				500.5
		Wuliuan				504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Branchian	509
		Stage 3			Branchian	514
		Stage 3			Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian				529
							538.8