International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
- A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
- M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
- J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126152 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Cambrian of Australia | Ordovician of North America | Obsolete Names for ICS Units | Cambrian of West Avalonia | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
470 | |||||||||||||||
482 | |||||||||||||||
Cambrian | Furongian | Stage 10 | Datsonian | Ibexian | Skullrockian | 485.4 * | |||||||||
Payntonian | 486.8 * | ||||||||||||||
487.5 | |||||||||||||||
Jiangshanian | Iverian | 489.5 | |||||||||||||
Paibian | Idamean | 494 | |||||||||||||
Miaolingian | Guzhangian | Mindyallan | Series 3 † | 497 | |||||||||||
Arcadian | 498.4 | ||||||||||||||
Boomerangian | 499 | ||||||||||||||
Drumian | Undillan | 500.5 | |||||||||||||
Floran | 503 | ||||||||||||||
Wuliuan | Templetonian | Stage 5 † | 504.5 | ||||||||||||
Ordian | 507.8 * | ||||||||||||||
Series 2 | Stage 4 | Branchian | 509 | ||||||||||||
510.8 * | |||||||||||||||
Stage 3 | 514 | ||||||||||||||
Placentian | 517.1 | ||||||||||||||
Terreneuvian | Stage 2 | 521 | |||||||||||||
Fortunian | 529 | ||||||||||||||
538.8 |