PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126181 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	Ten Million Year Bins	Cambrian of North America		Cambrian of China		Permian Subages of Germany	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Cenozoic 6						Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene									0.129
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene								Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian	Early Pleistocene								Castlecliffian	0.774
		Calabrian									Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian									Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian									Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene								Mangapanian	2.58
		Piacenzian	Late Pliocene								Waipipian	3
		Zanclean	Early Pliocene								Waipipian	3.6
		Zanclean	Early Pliocene								Opoitian	3.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene							Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian									Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian									Tongaporutuan	7.246
		Tortonian								Southland	Waiauan	11.04
		Serravallian	Middle Miocene	Cenozoic 5							Waiauan	11.63
		Serravallian									Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian									Lillburnian	13.82
											Clifdenian	15.1
										Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian	Early Miocene								Altonian	15.98
		Burdigalian									Otaian	18.7
		Aquitanian									Otaian	20.44
		Aquitanian								Landon	Waitakian	21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene	Cenozoic 4							Waitakian	23.03
											Duntroonian	25.2
											Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian	Early Oligocene									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene	Cenozoic 3								33.9
										Arnold	Runangan	34.6
											Kaiatan	36.7
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene								Kaiatan	37.71
		Bartonian									Bortonian	39.1
		Lutetian		Cenozoic 2							Bortonian	41.2
										Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
											Heretaungan	45.7
		Ypresian	Early Eocene								Heretaungan	47.8
											Mangaorapan	48.9
											Waipawan	52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene	Cenozoic 1							Teurian	56
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene									59.2
		Danian	Early Paleocene									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Cretaceous 8						Mata	Haumurian	66
		Campanian		Cretaceous 7							Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian		Cretaceous 6							Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian								Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
											Mangaotanean	90.5
											Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian		Cretaceous 5							Arowhanan	93.9
										Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
											Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Cretaceous 4							Motuan	100.5
											Urutawan	103.3
										Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian		Cretaceous 3							Korangan	113
		Aptian		Cretaceous 3								117.5
		Barremian		Cretaceous 2								121.4
		Hauterivian		Cretaceous 2								125.77
		Valanginian		Cretaceous 1								132.6
		Berriasian		Cretaceous 1	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Jurassic 6		145
		Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5		149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian		Jurassic 4		165.3
		Bajocian		Jurassic 4		168.2
		Aalenian		Jurassic 3		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Jurassic 3		174.7
		Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2		184.2
		Sinemurian		Jurassic 1		192.9
		Hettangian		Jurassic 1		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4		201.4
		Norian		Triassic 4		208.5
		Carnian		Triassic 3		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		Triassic 2		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		Triassic 1		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Permian 4		Buntsandstein	Melekhovian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Buntsandstein		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Ohre/Aller		259.51
		Wordian				Leine		264.28
		Wordian				Leine	Noginskian	264.9 *
		Roadian		Permian 3				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Permian 2				273.01
		Kungurian					Pavlovoposadian	276.8 *
		Artinskian					Pavlovoposadian	283.5
		Artinskian					Rusavkinian	287.6 *
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian		Permian 1				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Carboniferous 5				298.9
		Kasimovian					Dorogomilovian	303.7
							Khamovnikian	304.8
							Krevyakinian	305.8 *
		Moscovian		Carboniferous 4			Myachkovian	307
							Podolskian	308.9 *
							Kashirian	311.4 *
							Vereian	313.8
							Melekessian	314.8
		Bashkirian					Melekessian	315.2
							Cheremshanian	316.9 *
							Prikamian	318.6 *
							Severokeltmian	319.9 *
							Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
			Voznesenian				321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	Zapaltjubian			323.2
				Protvian			324.4 *
				Steshevian			326.8 *
				Tarusian			329 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	Venevian			330.9
				Mikhailovian			331.9 *
				Aleksinian			333.7 *
				Tulian			335.8 *
				Bobrikian			339.9 *
				Radaevkian			343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Kosvian			346.7
				Kizelian			350.7 *
				Cherepetian			351.9 *
				Karakubian			354.4 *
				Upinian			356.3 *
				Malevkian			357.6 *
				Gumerovian			358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2		393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1		407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1		433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5		443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5		445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5		Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan		Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Stage 10					Niuchehean		Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian					Jiangshanian		Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian				Steptoean	Jiangshanian		493 *
		Paibian					Paibian		494
		Paibian					Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4		Marjumian	Albertian †	Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
		Guzhangian					Guzhangian		Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian					Drumian			500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3		Topazan		Wuliuan/Taijangian			504.5
		Wuliuan			Delamaran		Wuliuan/Taijangian			506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Delamaran	Waucoban †	Duyunian		Branchian	509
		Stage 4			Dyeran		Duyunian			511 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2		Dyeran		Nangaoian			514
					Montezuman					514.8 *
					Montezuman				Placentian	517.1
					Begadean					519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Meishucunian			521
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1				Meishucunian			529
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1				Jinnigian			530.7
												538.8