PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

This timescale is used in the definition of 126668 collections

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Cambrian of West Avalonia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				0
		Northgrippian				0.0042
		Greenlandian				0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			0.0117
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene			0.129
		Calabrian	Early Pleistocene			0.774
		Gelasian	Early Pleistocene			1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean	Early Pliocene			3.6
	Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene			5.333
		Tortonian	Late Miocene			7.246
		Serravallian	Middle Miocene			11.63
		Langhian	Middle Miocene			13.82
		Burdigalian	Early Miocene			15.98
		Aquitanian	Early Miocene			20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Early Oligocene			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene			33.9
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene			37.71
		Lutetian	Middle Eocene			41.2
		Ypresian	Early Eocene			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene			56
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene			59.2
		Danian	Early Paleocene			61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				66
		Campanian				72.1
		Santonian				83.6
		Coniacian				86.3
		Turonian				89.8
		Cenomanian				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				100.5
		Aptian				113
		Barremian				121.4
		Hauterivian				125.77
		Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
		Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				168.2
		Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
		Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
		Norian				208.5
		Carnian				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Vokhmian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		Vokhmian		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian		259.51
		Wordian		Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian		264.28
		Roadian		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	485.4
		Jiangshanian	489.5
		Paibian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	497
		Guzhangian	Arcadian		498.4
		Drumian			500.5
		Wuliuan			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Branchian		509
		Stage 3	Branchian		514
		Stage 3	Placentian		517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian			529
						538.8