PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126156 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of Australia	Permian of Western Europe		Silurian Ages of Europe	Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							0
		Northgrippian							0.0042
		Greenlandian							0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Nihewanian	0.0117
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene						0.129
		Calabrian	Early Pleistocene						0.774
		Gelasian	Early Pleistocene						1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene					Yushean	2.58
		Zanclean	Early Pliocene					Yushean	3.6
		Zanclean	Early Pliocene					Baodean	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene						5.333
		Tortonian							7.246
		Tortonian						Tunggurian	11.1
		Serravallian	Middle Miocene					Tunggurian	11.63
		Langhian	Middle Miocene					Shanwangian	13.82
		Burdigalian	Early Miocene					Shanwangian	15.98
		Burdigalian						Xiejiaan	16.9
		Aquitanian						Xiejiaan	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene						23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Early Oligocene						27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene						33.9
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene						37.71
		Lutetian	Middle Eocene						41.2
		Ypresian	Early Eocene						47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene						56
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene						59.2
		Danian	Early Paleocene						61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							66
		Campanian							72.1
		Santonian							83.6
		Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian							89.8
		Cenomanian							93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							100.5
		Aptian							113
		Barremian							121.4
		Hauterivian							125.77
		Valanginian							132.6
		Berriasian							139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							145
		Kimmeridgian							149.2
		Oxfordian							154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
		Bathonian							165.3
		Bajocian							168.2
		Aalenian							170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian							174.7
		Pliensbachian							184.2
		Sinemurian							192.9
		Hettangian							199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							201.4
		Norian							208.5
		Carnian							227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian							237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian							242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian							247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan							251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Zechstein				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Rotliegendes				259.51
		Wordian							264.28
		Roadian							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							273.01
		Artinskian			Autunian				283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian			Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Bolindian	443.8
		Katian				Bolindian	445.2
			Eastonian			449 *
			Gisbornian			452 *
		Sandbian	Gisbornian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian			458.4
		Dapingian	Yapeenian			467.3
		Dapingian	Castlemainian			468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Chewtonian			470
			Bendigonian			471.8 *
			Lancefieldian			473.5 *
		Tremadocian	Lancefieldian			477.7
		Tremadocian	Warendian			482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Datsonian				485.4
		Stage 10	Payntonian				486.8 *
		Jiangshanian	Iverian				489.5
		Paibian	Idamean				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Mindyallan				497
			Mindyallan				Arcadian	498.4
			Boomerangian					499
		Drumian	Undillan					500.5
		Drumian	Floran					503
		Wuliuan	Templetonian					504.5
		Wuliuan	Ordian					507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4	Ordian				Branchian	509
		Stage 4						510.8 *
		Stage 3						514
		Stage 3					Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
									538.8