PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 125993 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale				Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Silurian of the Baltic	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							0
		Northgrippian							0.0042
		Greenlandian							0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							0.0117
		Chibanian							0.129
		Calabrian							0.774
		Gelasian							1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean							3.6
	Miocene	Messinian							5.333
		Tortonian							7.246
		Serravallian							11.63
		Langhian							13.82
		Burdigalian							15.98
		Aquitanian							20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian							33.9
		Bartonian							37.71
		Lutetian							41.2
		Ypresian							47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian							56
		Selandian							59.2
		Danian							61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Lancian/Edmontonian	66
		Campanian						Judithian/Aquilan	72.1
		Santonian							83.6
		Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian							89.8
		Cenomanian							93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							100.5
		Aptian							113
		Barremian							121.4
		Hauterivian							125.77
		Valanginian							132.6
		Berriasian							139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							145
		Kimmeridgian							149.2
		Oxfordian							154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
		Bathonian							165.3
		Bajocian			Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites				168.2
		Bajocian				Humphresianum			168.4
		Aalenian			Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense			174.7
					Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons				180.1
					Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum				182
		Pliensbachian			Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni				184.2
		Sinemurian			Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi				192.9
		Hettangian			Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							201.4
		Norian							208.5
		Carnian							227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian							237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian							242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian							247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan							251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							259.51
		Wordian							264.28
		Roadian							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							273.01
		Artinskian							283.5
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
		Kasimovian	303.7
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli		Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian	Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian	Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian	Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian	Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani	433.4
		Telychian	Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian	Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian	Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian	Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian	Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Bolindian			443.8
		Katian		Bolindian			445.2
				Eastonian			449 *
				Gisbornian			452 *
		Sandbian		Gisbornian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian			458.4
		Dapingian		Yapeenian			467.3
		Dapingian		Castlemainian			468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Chewtonian			470
				Bendigonian			471.8 *
				Lancefieldian			473.5 *
		Tremadocian		Lancefieldian			Ungurian	477.7
		Tremadocian		Warendian			Ungurian	482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Batyrbaian				485.4
		Jiangshanian		Batyrbaian		489.5
				Aksaian		490.7 *
				Sakian		492.2 *
		Paibian		Sakian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Ayusokkanian		497
				Ayusokkanian	Arcadian	498.4
						499.5
		Drumian		Zhanaarykian		500.5
		Drumian		Tuesaian		503
		Wuliuan		Tuesaian		504.5
		Wuliuan				505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4			Branchian	509
				Toyonian		510 *
				Botomian		512.5 *
		Stage 3		Botomian		514
				Atdabanian		515.6 *
				Atdabanian	Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian		521
		Stage 2				525.5
		Fortunian				529
									538.8