PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126158 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Silurian of England		Permian of the Pamirs	European Faunal Zones	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran							0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Chibanian								Middle Pleistocene	0.129
		Chibanian		Castlecliffian						Middle Pleistocene	0.34
		Calabrian		Castlecliffian						Early Pleistocene	0.774
		Calabrian		Nukumaruan							1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan				MN 17			1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian				MN 17			2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian				MN 16		Late Pliocene	2.58
				Waipipian				MN 16			3
								MN 15			3.2
		Zanclean								Early Pliocene	3.6
				Opoitian							3.7
								MN 14			4.2
								MN 13			4.9
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean						Late Miocene	5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan							7.2
		Tortonian						MN 12			7.246
								MN 11			7.75
								MN 10			8.7
								MN 9			9.7
			Southland	Waiauan				MN 9			11.04
								MN 7 + 8			11.1
		Serravallian						MN 7 + 8		Middle Miocene	11.63
								MN 6			12.8 *
				Lillburnian				MN 6			13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian				MN 5			13.82
				Clifdenian							15.1
			Pareora	Altonian							15.9
		Burdigalian						MN 4		Early Miocene	15.98
								MN 3			16.9
				Otaian				MN 3			18.7
								MN 2			20
		Aquitanian									20.44
			Landon	Waitakian							21.7
								MN 1			22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Late Oligocene	23.03
				Duntroonian							25.2
				Whaingaroan							27.3
		Rupelian								Early Oligocene	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian								Late Eocene	33.9
			Arnold	Runangan							34.6
				Kaiatan							36.7
		Bartonian		Kaiatan						Middle Eocene	37.71
		Bartonian		Bortonian							39.1
		Lutetian		Bortonian							41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan							42.6
				Heretaungan							45.7
		Ypresian		Heretaungan						Early Eocene	47.8
				Mangaorapan							48.9
				Waipawan							52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian						Late Paleocene	56
		Selandian								Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Danian								Early Paleocene	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian							66
		Campanian		Haumurian							72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan							83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan							86.1
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
				Mangaotanean							90.5
				Arowhanan							93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan	93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
				Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan	100.5
				Urutawan	103.3
			Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian		Korangan	113
		Aptian			117.5
		Barremian			121.4
		Hauterivian			125.77
		Valanginian			132.6
		Berriasian			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
		Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian			168.2
		Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
		Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
		Norian			208.5
		Carnian			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
		Induan			251.2
		Induan			Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Kathwai	Dorashamian	Melekhovian		251.902
									252.4 *
					Chhidru				252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian			Chhidru	Dzhulfian			254.14
					Kalabagh				255 *
					Wargal				256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Midian			259.51
		Wordian						264.28
							Noginskian	264.9 *
								265.3 *
					Amb			266.1 *
						Murgabian		266.2 *
		Roadian						266.9
		Roadian						270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Kubergandian		273.01
						Kubergandian	Pavlovoposadian	276.8 *
						Bolorian		279.8
		Artinskian				Bolorian		283.5
						Yakhtashian		286
						Yakhtashian	Rusavkinian	287.6 *
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian				Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Kasimovian					Dorogomilovian	303.7
							Khamovnikian	304.8
							Krevyakinian	305.8 *
		Moscovian					Myachkovian	307
							Podolskian	308.9 *
							Kashirian	311.4 *
							Vereian	313.8
							Melekessian	314.8
		Bashkirian					Melekessian	315.2
							Cheremshanian	316.9 *
							Prikamian	318.6 *
							Severokeltmian	319.9 *
							Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
							Voznesenian	321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Zapaltjubian	323.2
							Protvian	324.4 *
							Steshevian	326.8 *
				Tarusian			329 *
		Visean		Venevian			330.9
				Mikhailovian			331.9 *
				Aleksinian			333.7 *
				Tulian			335.8 *
			Bobrikian	339.9 *
			Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Kosvian	346.7
			Kizelian	350.7 *
			Cherepetian	351.9 *
			Karakubian	354.4 *
			Upinian	356.3 *
			Malevkian	357.6 *
			Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle			Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
	Pridoli			Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle			Bringewood/Elton	421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		Coalbrookdale			Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian						425.6
		Gorstian					Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian					Buildwas	427.4
		Homerian		Wych			Woolhope	428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Telychian						436.3 *
		Aeronian						438.5
		Aeronian		Cowleigh Park				439.3 *
		Rhuddanian		Cowleigh Park				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
		Katian						445.2
		Sandbian						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			485.4
		Jiangshanian			489.5
		Paibian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			497
		Guzhangian			Arcadian			498.4
		Drumian				500.5
		Wuliuan				504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Branchian	509
		Stage 3			Branchian	514
		Stage 3			Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian				529
											538.8