PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126161 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Carboniferous Subepochs	Cambrian of Kazakhstan		Ordovician of Britain				Carboniferous of China	European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran										0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
		Chibanian												0.129
		Chibanian		Castlecliffian										0.34
		Calabrian		Castlecliffian										0.774
		Calabrian		Nukumaruan										1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan									MN 17	1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian									MN 17	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian									MN 16	2.58
				Waipipian									MN 16	3
													MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean												3.6
				Opoitian										3.7
													MN 14	4.2
													MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean										5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan										7.2
		Tortonian											MN 12	7.246
													MN 11	7.75
													MN 10	8.7
													MN 9	9.7
			Southland	Waiauan									MN 9	11.04
													MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian											MN 7 + 8	11.63
													MN 6	12.8 *
				Lillburnian									MN 6	13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian									MN 5	13.82
				Clifdenian										15.1
			Pareora	Altonian										15.9
		Burdigalian											MN 4	15.98
													MN 3	16.9
				Otaian									MN 3	18.7
													MN 2	20
		Aquitanian												20.44
			Landon	Waitakian										21.7
													MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
				Duntroonian										25.2
				Whaingaroan										27.3
		Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
			Arnold	Runangan										34.6
				Kaiatan										36.7
		Bartonian		Kaiatan										37.71
		Bartonian		Bortonian										39.1
		Lutetian		Bortonian										41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan										42.6
				Heretaungan										45.7
		Ypresian		Heretaungan										47.8
				Mangaorapan										48.9
				Waipawan										52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian										56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian										66
		Campanian		Haumurian										72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan										83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan										86.1
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
				Mangaotanean										90.5
				Arowhanan										93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan	93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
				Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan	100.5
				Urutawan	103.3
			Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian		Korangan	113
		Aptian			117.5
		Barremian			121.4
		Hauterivian			125.77
		Valanginian			132.6
		Berriasian			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
		Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian			168.2
		Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
		Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
		Norian			208.5
		Carnian			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Gzhelian				Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian				Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian				Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian			Middle Pennsylvanian		307
		Bashkirian			Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
						Huashibanian	318.5 *
						Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Late Mississippian	Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian			Late Mississippian	Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean			Middle Mississippian	Shangsian	330.9
		Visean			Middle Mississippian	Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian			Early Mississippian	Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Couvinien	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Pragian					Coblencien	408.2 *
		Lochkovian					Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian							Rawtheyan	445.2
									Cautleyan	448.9 *
				Pusgillian					449.3 *
				Caradoc				Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
								Cheneyan		451.5 *
								Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian								453
			Actonian †						453.2 *
			Marshbrookian †						Woolstonian †	454.2 *
			Longvillian †							455.2 *
			Longvillian †					Aurelucian		456.8 *
			Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian					Aurelucian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn						458.4
		Darriwilian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						461.3 *
		Dapingian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						467.3
		Dapingian	Arenig	Fennian						468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Fennian						470
				Whitlandian						471.1 *
				Moridunian						474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Ungurian	Tremadoc						Migneintian	477.7
				Tremadoc						Cressagian	480.8 *
											485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Batyrbaian								485.4
		Jiangshanian	Batyrbaian								489.5
			Aksaian								490.7 *
			Sakian								492.2 *
		Paibian	Sakian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian								497
			Ayusokkanian								Arcadian	498.4
												499.5
		Drumian	Zhanaarykian									500.5
		Drumian	Tuesaian									503
		Wuliuan	Tuesaian									504.5
		Wuliuan										505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4									Branchian	509
			Toyonian									510 *
			Botomian									512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian									514
			Atdabanian									515.6 *
			Atdabanian								Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian									521
		Stage 2										525.5
		Fortunian										529
														538.8