PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126155 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of the Pamirs	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Permian of the Russian Platform		Cambrian of West Avalonia	Cambrian of North America		Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan											0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Chibanian										Middle Pleistocene	0.129
		Calabrian										Early Pleistocene	0.774
		Gelasian										Early Pleistocene	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Late Pliocene	2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean										Early Pliocene	3.6
	Miocene	Messinian										Late Miocene	5.333
		Tortonian										Late Miocene	7.246
		Serravallian										Middle Miocene	11.63
		Langhian										Middle Miocene	13.82
		Burdigalian										Early Miocene	15.98
		Aquitanian										Early Miocene	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										Late Oligocene	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian										Early Oligocene	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										Late Eocene	33.9
		Bartonian										Middle Eocene	37.71
		Lutetian										Middle Eocene	41.2
		Ypresian										Early Eocene	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian										Late Paleocene	56
		Selandian										Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Danian										Early Paleocene	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan									145
		Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan									149.2
			Kawhia	Ohauan									150
				Heterian									154.5
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Callovian		Temaikan									164.3
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan									176
		Pliensbachian		Ururoan									184.2
		Pliensbachian		Aratauran									188.9
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian									201.4
		Norian		Warepan									208.5
				Otamitan									217
				Oretian									221
		Carnian		Oretian									227
		Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan									227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan									237
		Ladinian		Etalian									238
		Anisian		Etalian									242
		Anisian		Malakovian									246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian									247.2
		Olenekian		Nelsonian									249
		Induan		Nelsonian	251.2
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	Dorashamian	Melekhovian	251.902
		Changhsingian		Waiitian	Dorashamian		253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian	Dzhulfian		254.14
				Puruhauan			254.2
				Puruhauan			Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian	Midian			Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian						Urzhumian	264.28
						Noginskian			264.9 *
				Barettian					266
					Murgabian				266.2 *
		Roadian					Kazanian	Povolzhian	266.9
		Roadian					Kazanian	Sokian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kubergandian		Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
				Mangapirian				Irenian/Ufimian	276
								Filipovian	276.5 *
						Pavlovoposadian			276.8 *
					Bolorian				279.8
								Saraninian	280.1 *
		Artinskian					Artinskian	Sarginian	283.5
				Telfordian				Sarginian	285
								Irginian	285.9 *
					Yakhtashian				286
						Rusavkinian			287.6 *
								Burtsevian	287.8 *
								Burtsevian	288.5
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian			Asselian		Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
								Uskalykian	294.8
								Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
		Kasimovian				Dorogomilovian			303.7
						Khamovnikian			304.8
						Krevyakinian			305.8 *
		Moscovian				Myachkovian			307
						Podolskian			308.9 *
						Kashirian			311.4 *
						Vereian			313.8
						Melekessian			314.8
		Bashkirian				Melekessian			315.2
						Cheremshanian			316.9 *
						Prikamian			318.6 *
						Severokeltmian			319.9 *
						Krasnopolyanian			321.2 *
						Voznesenian			321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Zapaltjubian			323.2
						Protvian			324.4 *
						Steshevian			326.8 *
						Tarusian			329 *
		Visean				Venevian			330.9
						Mikhailovian			331.9 *
						Aleksinian			333.7 *
						Tulian			335.8 *
						Bobrikian			339.9 *
						Radaevkian			343.4 *
		Tournaisian				Kosvian			346.7
						Kizelian			350.7 *
						Cherepetian			351.9 *
						Karakubian			354.4 *
						Upinian			356.3 *
						Malevkian			357.6 *
						Gumerovian			358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Lochkovian							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
		Katian							445.2
		Sandbian							453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian							470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10								Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian								Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian								Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian	494							Steptoean
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Marjumian	Albertian †					497
		Guzhangian							Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan	Topazan							504.5
		Wuliuan	Delamaran							506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Delamaran	Branchian	Waucoban †		509
		Stage 4	Dyeran				511 *
		Stage 3	Dyeran				514
			Montezuman				514.8 *
			Montezuman	Placentian			517.1
			Begadean				519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian					529
													538.8