International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
- J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
- A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
- F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
- J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126152 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Cambrian of Australia | Ten Million Year Bins | Cambrian of North America | Cambrian of China | Cambrian of West Avalonia | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cambrian | Furongian | Stage 10 | Datsonian | Cambrian 5 | Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan | Niuchehean | Taoyuanian † | 485.4 | |||||||
Payntonian | 486.8 * | ||||||||||||||
Sunwaptan | 487.5 | ||||||||||||||
Jiangshanian | Iverian | Jiangshanian | 489.5 | ||||||||||||
Steptoean | 493 * | ||||||||||||||
Paibian | Idamean | Paibian | 494 | ||||||||||||
Waergangian †/Youshuanian | 494.9 * | ||||||||||||||
Miaolingian | Guzhangian | Mindyallan | Cambrian 4 | Marjumian | Albertian † | Guzhangian | Wangcunian † | 497 | |||||||
Arcadian | 498.4 | ||||||||||||||
Boomerangian | 499 | ||||||||||||||
Drumian | Undillan | Drumian | 500.5 | ||||||||||||
Floran | 503 | ||||||||||||||
Wuliuan | Templetonian | Cambrian 3 | Topazan | Wuliuan/Taijangian | 504.5 | ||||||||||
Delamaran | 506.5 | ||||||||||||||
Ordian | 507.8 * | ||||||||||||||
Series 2 | Stage 4 | Waucoban † | Duyunian | Branchian | 509 | ||||||||||
510.8 * | |||||||||||||||
Dyeran | 511 * | ||||||||||||||
Stage 3 | Cambrian 2 | Nangaoian | 514 | ||||||||||||
Montezuman | 514.8 * | ||||||||||||||
Placentian | 517.1 | ||||||||||||||
Begadean | 519.9 * | ||||||||||||||
Terreneuvian | Stage 2 | Meishucunian | 521 | ||||||||||||
Fortunian | Cambrian 1 | 529 | |||||||||||||
Jinnigian | 530.7 | ||||||||||||||
538.8 |