International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
- F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
- J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
- J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126144 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Cambrian of North America | Cambrian Epochs | Cambrian of West Avalonia | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cambrian | Furongian | Stage 10 | Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan | Late Cambrian | 485.4 | ||||||||
Sunwaptan | 487.5 | ||||||||||||
Jiangshanian | 489.5 | ||||||||||||
Steptoean | 493 * | ||||||||||||
Paibian | 494 | ||||||||||||
Miaolingian | Guzhangian | Marjumian | Albertian † | Middle Cambrian | 497 | ||||||||
Arcadian | 498.4 | ||||||||||||
Drumian | 500.5 | ||||||||||||
Wuliuan | Topazan | 504.5 | |||||||||||
Delamaran | 506.5 | ||||||||||||
Series 2 | Stage 4 | Waucoban † | Early Cambrian | Branchian | 509 | ||||||||
Dyeran | 511 * | ||||||||||||
Stage 3 | 514 | ||||||||||||
Montezuman | 514.8 * | ||||||||||||
Placentian | 517.1 | ||||||||||||
Begadean | 519.9 * | ||||||||||||
Terreneuvian | Stage 2 | 521 | |||||||||||
Fortunian | 529 | ||||||||||||
538.8 |