PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126158 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			North American Land Mammal Ages	Cambrian of Britain		Ten Million Year Bins	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Saintaugustinean			Cenozoic 6	Wanganui	Haweran		0
		Meghalayan	Santarosean							0.0004
		Northgrippian								0.0042
		Greenlandian								0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Nihewanian	0.0117
		Late Pleistocene	Rancholabrean							0.014
		Chibanian	Rancholabrean							0.129
			Irvingtonian							0.21
								Castlecliffian		0.34
		Calabrian								0.774
			Blancan							1.4
								Nukumaruan		1.63
		Gelasian						Nukumaruan		1.8
		Gelasian						Mangapanian		2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Mangapanian	Yushean	2.58
		Piacenzian						Waipipian		3
		Zanclean						Waipipian		3.6
								Opoitian		3.7
			Hemphillian							4.7
									Baodean	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian					Taranaki	Kapitean		5.333
		Messinian						Tongaporutuan		7.2
		Tortonian								7.246
			Clarendonian							9.4
							Southland	Waiauan		11.04
									Tunggurian	11.1
		Serravallian				Cenozoic 5				11.63
			Barstovian							12.5
								Lillburnian		13.05
		Langhian						Lillburnian	Shanwangian	13.82
								Clifdenian		15.1
							Pareora	Altonian		15.9
		Burdigalian								15.98
			Hemingfordian							16.3
			Hemingfordian						Xiejiaan	16.9
			Arikareean							18.5
								Otaian		18.7
		Aquitanian						Otaian		20.44
		Aquitanian					Landon	Waitakian		21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Cenozoic 4		Waitakian		23.03
								Duntroonian		25.2
								Whaingaroan		27.3
		Rupelian								27.82
			Whitneyan							29.5
			Orellan							31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Chadronian			Cenozoic 3				33.9
							Arnold	Runangan		34.6
								Kaiatan		36.7
			Duchesnean							37
		Bartonian								37.71
								Bortonian		39.1
			Uintan							39.7
		Lutetian				Cenozoic 2				41.2
							Dannevirke	Porangan		42.6
								Heretaungan		45.7
			Bridgerian							46.2
		Ypresian								47.8
								Mangaorapan		48.9
			Wasatchian					Mangaorapan		50.5
			Wasatchian					Waipawan		52
			Clarkforkian					Waipawan		54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Clarkforkian			Cenozoic 1		Teurian		56
		Thanetian	Tiffanian							56.2
		Selandian	Tiffanian							59.2
		Selandian	Torrejonian	60.9
		Danian	Torrejonian	61.6
		Danian	Puercan	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Cretaceous 8	Mata	Haumurian	66
		Campanian		Cretaceous 7		Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian		Cretaceous 6		Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian					89.8
						Mangaotanean	90.5
						Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian		Cretaceous 5		Arowhanan	93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
						Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Cretaceous 4		Motuan	100.5
						Urutawan	103.3
					Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian		Cretaceous 3		Korangan	113
		Aptian		Cretaceous 3			117.5
		Barremian		Cretaceous 2			121.4
		Hauterivian		Cretaceous 2			125.77
		Valanginian		Cretaceous 1			132.6
		Berriasian		Cretaceous 1			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Jurassic 6			145
		Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5			149.2
		Oxfordian					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian		Jurassic 4			165.3
		Bajocian		Jurassic 4			168.2
		Aalenian		Jurassic 3			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Jurassic 3			174.7
		Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2			184.2
		Sinemurian		Jurassic 1			192.9
		Hettangian		Jurassic 1			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4			201.4
		Norian		Triassic 4			208.5
		Carnian		Triassic 3			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		Triassic 2			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		Triassic 1			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Permian 4			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
		Wordian					264.28
		Roadian		Permian 3			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Permian 2			273.01
		Artinskian					283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian		Permian 1			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Carboniferous 5			298.9
		Kasimovian		Carboniferous 5			303.7
		Moscovian		Carboniferous 4			307
		Bashkirian		Carboniferous 4			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Carboniferous 3			323.2
		Visean		Carboniferous 2			330.9
		Tournaisian		Carboniferous 1			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Devonian 5			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		Devonian 4			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Devonian 3			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Devonian 3			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Devonian 2			393.3
		Pragian		Devonian 1			407.6
		Lochkovian		Devonian 1			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			Silurian 2			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5	Bolindian			443.8
		Katian		Bolindian			445.2
				Eastonian			449 *
				Gisbornian			452 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4	Gisbornian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	Darriwilian			458.4
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2	Yapeenian			467.3
		Dapingian		Castlemainian			468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Chewtonian			470
				Bendigonian			471.8 *
				Lancefieldian		473.5 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Lancefieldian		477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Warendian		482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan		Cambrian 5		485.4
		Stage 10		Festiniogian				489.2 *
		Jiangshanian		Festiniogian	489.5
		Jiangshanian		Maentwrogian	493.1 *
		Paibian		Maentwrogian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	St Davids		Cambrian 4	497
		Guzhangian				Arcadian		498.4
		Drumian						500.5
		Wuliuan			Cambrian 3			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Caerfai		Cambrian 3	Branchian		509
		Stage 3			Cambrian 2	Branchian		514
		Stage 3				Placentian		517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian			Cambrian 1			529
										538.8