PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126158 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			North American Land Mammal Ages	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Central Paratethys Stages		Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Saintaugustinean						0
		Meghalayan	Santarosean						0.0004
		Northgrippian							0.0042
		Greenlandian							0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Late Pleistocene	Rancholabrean					Late Pleistocene	0.014
		Chibanian	Rancholabrean					Middle Pleistocene	0.129
		Chibanian	Irvingtonian					Middle Pleistocene	0.21
		Calabrian	Irvingtonian					Early Pleistocene	0.774
		Calabrian	Blancan						1.4
		Gelasian							1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Late Pliocene	2.58
		Zanclean						Early Pliocene	3.6
		Zanclean	Hemphillian					Early Pliocene	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian						Late Miocene	5.333
		Tortonian				Pannonian			7.246
		Tortonian	Clarendonian			Pannonian			9.4
		Serravallian	Clarendonian			Sarmatian		Middle Miocene	11.63
			Barstovian			Sarmatian			12.5
						Badenian			12.8 *
		Langhian							13.82
		Burdigalian						Early Miocene	15.98
			Hemingfordian						16.3
			Arikareean						18.5
		Aquitanian							20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Late Oligocene	23.03
		Rupelian						Early Oligocene	27.82
			Whitneyan						29.5
			Orellan						31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Chadronian					Late Eocene	33.9
		Priabonian	Duchesnean					Late Eocene	37
		Bartonian	Duchesnean					Middle Eocene	37.71
		Bartonian	Uintan						39.7
		Lutetian	Uintan						41.2
		Lutetian	Bridgerian						46.2
		Ypresian	Bridgerian					Early Eocene	47.8
			Wasatchian						50.5
			Clarkforkian						54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Clarkforkian					Late Paleocene	56
		Thanetian	Tiffanian					Late Paleocene	56.2
		Selandian	Tiffanian					Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Selandian	Torrejonian					Middle Paleocene	60.9
		Danian	Torrejonian					Early Paleocene	61.6
		Danian	Puercan					Early Paleocene	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							66
		Campanian							72.1
		Santonian							83.6
		Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian							89.8
		Cenomanian							93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							100.5
		Aptian							113
		Barremian							121.4
		Hauterivian							125.77
		Valanginian							132.6
		Berriasian							139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Oteke	Puaroan				145
		Kimmeridgian		Oteke	Puaroan				149.2
				Kawhia	Ohauan				150
					Heterian				154.5
		Oxfordian							154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
		Callovian			Temaikan				164.3
		Bathonian							165.3
		Bajocian					168.2
		Aalenian					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					174.7
		Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan		176
		Pliensbachian			Ururoan		184.2
		Pliensbachian			Aratauran		188.9
		Sinemurian					192.9
		Hettangian					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour	Otapirian		201.4
		Norian			Warepan		208.5
					Otamitan		217
					Oretian		221
		Carnian			Oretian		227
		Carnian		Gore	Kaihikuan		227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Kaihikuan		237
		Ladinian			Etalian		238
		Anisian			Etalian		242
		Anisian			Malakovian		246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Malakovian		247.2
		Olenekian			Nelsonian		249
		Induan			Nelsonian	251.2
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Makarewan	Buntsandstein	251.902
		Changhsingian			Waiitian		253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Waiitian		254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Puruhauan		254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Aparima	Flettian	Ohre/Aller	259.51
		Wordian			Flettian	Leine	264.28
		Wordian			Barettian	Leine	266
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Kungurian			Mangapirian		276
		Artinskian			Mangapirian		283.5
					Telfordian		285
							288.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Kasimovian					303.7
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian	445.2
		Sandbian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	485.4
		Jiangshanian	489.5
		Paibian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	497
		Guzhangian	Arcadian				498.4
		Drumian					500.5
		Wuliuan					504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Branchian				509
		Stage 3	Branchian				514
		Stage 3	Placentian				517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian					529
									538.8