International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
- J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126130 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | North American Mammal Subages/Zones | Carboniferous Subepochs | Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe | Permian of China | Cambrian of West Avalonia | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | 0 | ||||||||
Northgrippian | 0.0042 | ||||||||||
Greenlandian | 0.0082 | ||||||||||
Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | Sheridanian | Tarantian | 0.0117 | |||||||
Chibanian | Ionian | 0.129 | |||||||||
Cudahyan/Sappan | 0.21 | ||||||||||
Calabrian | 0.774 | ||||||||||
Senecan/Rexroadian | 1.4 | ||||||||||
Gelasian | 1.8 | ||||||||||
Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | 2.58 | ||||||||
Zanclean | 3.6 | ||||||||||
Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian | 4.7 | ||||||||||
Miocene | Messinian | 5.333 | |||||||||
Tortonian | 7.246 | ||||||||||
Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian | 9.4 | ||||||||||
Serravallian | 11.63 | ||||||||||
late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian | 12.5 | ||||||||||
Langhian | 13.82 | ||||||||||
Burdigalian | 15.98 | ||||||||||
Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian | 16.3 | ||||||||||
late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean | Harrisonian | 18.5 | |||||||||
Aquitanian | 20.44 | ||||||||||
Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | 23.03 | ||||||||
Monroecreekian | 23.1 * | ||||||||||
Geringian | 24.7 * | ||||||||||
Rupelian | 27.82 | ||||||||||
29.5 | |||||||||||
Eocene | Priabonian | Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian | 33.9 | ||||||||
37 | |||||||||||
Bartonian | 37.71 | ||||||||||
Late Uintan/Early Uintan | 39.7 | ||||||||||
Lutetian | 41.2 | ||||||||||
Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian | 46.2 | ||||||||||
Ypresian | 47.8 | ||||||||||
Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean | 50.5 | ||||||||||
Cf3/Cf2/Cf1 | 54.9 | ||||||||||
Paleocene | Thanetian | 56 | |||||||||
Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1 | 56.2 | ||||||||||
Selandian | 59.2 | ||||||||||
To3/To2/To1 | 60.9 | ||||||||||
Danian | 61.6 | ||||||||||
Pu3/Pu2/Pu1 | 63.8 | ||||||||||
Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | 66 | ||||||||
Campanian | 72.1 | ||||||||||
Santonian | 83.6 | ||||||||||
Coniacian | 86.3 | ||||||||||
Turonian | 89.8 | ||||||||||
Cenomanian | 93.9 | ||||||||||
Early Cretaceous | Albian | 100.5 | |||||||||
Aptian | 113 | ||||||||||
Barremian | 121.4 | ||||||||||
Hauterivian | 125.77 | ||||||||||
Valanginian | 132.6 | ||||||||||
Berriasian | 139.8 | ||||||||||
Jurassic | Late Jurassic | Tithonian | 145 | ||||||||
Kimmeridgian | 149.2 | ||||||||||
Oxfordian | 154.8 | ||||||||||
Middle Jurassic | Callovian | 161.5 | |||||||||
Bathonian | 165.3 | ||||||||||
Bajocian | 168.2 | ||||||||||
Aalenian | 170.9 | ||||||||||
Early Jurassic | Toarcian | 174.7 | |||||||||
Pliensbachian | 184.2 | ||||||||||
Sinemurian | 192.9 | ||||||||||
Hettangian | 199.5 | ||||||||||
Triassic | Late Triassic | Rhaetian | 201.4 | ||||||||
Norian | 208.5 | ||||||||||
Carnian | 227 | ||||||||||
Middle Triassic | Ladinian | 237 | |||||||||
Anisian | 242 | ||||||||||
Early Triassic | Olenekian | 247.2 | |||||||||
Induan | 251.2 | ||||||||||
Permian | Lopingian | Changhsingian | Meishanian | 251.902 | |||||||
Baoqingian | 253.4 * | ||||||||||
Wuchiapingian | Laoshanian | 254.14 | |||||||||
Laibinian | 257.7 * | ||||||||||
Guadalupian | Capitanian | Lengwuan | 259.51 | ||||||||
Wordian | Kuhfengian | 264.28 | |||||||||
Roadian | 266.9 | ||||||||||
Cisuralian | Kungurian | Luodianian | 273.01 | ||||||||
Artinskian | 283.5 | ||||||||||
Longlinian | 285.4 * | ||||||||||
Sakmarian | 290.1 | ||||||||||
Asselian | Zisongian | 293.52 | |||||||||
Carboniferous | Pennsylvanian | Gzhelian | Late Pennsylvanian | 298.9 | |||||||
300.1 | |||||||||||
Kasimovian | 303.7 | ||||||||||
Moscovian | Middle Pennsylvanian | 307 | |||||||||
Bashkirian | Early Pennsylvanian | 315.2 | |||||||||
Mississippian | Serpukhovian | Late Mississippian | 323.2 | ||||||||
Visean | Middle Mississippian | 330.9 | |||||||||
Tournaisian | Early Mississippian | 346.7 | |||||||||
Devonian | Late Devonian | Famennian | 358.9 | ||||||||
Frasnian | 372.2 | ||||||||||
Middle Devonian | Givetian | 382.7 | |||||||||
Eifelian | 387.7 | ||||||||||
Early Devonian | Emsian | 393.3 | |||||||||
Pragian | 407.6 | ||||||||||
Lochkovian | 410.8 | ||||||||||
Silurian | Pridoli | 419.2 | |||||||||
Ludlow | Ludfordian | 423 | |||||||||
Gorstian | 425.6 | ||||||||||
Wenlock | Homerian | 427.4 | |||||||||
Sheinwoodian | 430.5 | ||||||||||
Llandovery | Telychian | 433.4 | |||||||||
Aeronian | 438.5 | ||||||||||
Rhuddanian | 440.8 | ||||||||||
Ordovician | Late Ordovician | Hirnantian | 443.8 | ||||||||
Katian | 445.2 | ||||||||||
Sandbian | 453 | ||||||||||
Middle Ordovician | Darriwilian | 458.4 | |||||||||
Dapingian | 467.3 | ||||||||||
Early Ordovician | Floian | 470 | |||||||||
Tremadocian | 477.7 | ||||||||||
Cambrian | Furongian | Stage 10 | 485.4 | ||||||||
Jiangshanian | 489.5 | ||||||||||
Paibian | 494 | ||||||||||
Miaolingian | Guzhangian | 497 | |||||||||
Arcadian | 498.4 | ||||||||||
Drumian | 500.5 | ||||||||||
Wuliuan | 504.5 | ||||||||||
Series 2 | Stage 4 | Branchian | 509 | ||||||||
Stage 3 | 514 | ||||||||||
Placentian | 517.1 | ||||||||||
Terreneuvian | Stage 2 | 521 | |||||||||
Fortunian | 529 | ||||||||||
538.8 |