PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126137 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Devonian of France	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	South American Land Mammal Ages		Cambrian of Britain		Carboniferous of Western Europe		Permian of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6										0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Lujanian							0.0117
		Chibanian				Lujanian							0.129
		Chibanian				Ensenadan							0.3 *
		Calabrian				Ensenadan							0.774
		Calabrian				Sanandresian	Uquian †						1.7 *
		Gelasian				Sanandresian							1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Vorohuean							2.58
		Piacenzian				Chapadmalalan							2.9 *
		Zanclean				Chapadmalalan							3.6
						Montehermosan							3.7 *
						Huayquerian							4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
						Chasicoan							7.9 *
						Mayoan							9.9 *
						Laventan							10.9 *
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5			Laventan							11.63
		Serravallian				Colloncuran							13.7 *
		Langhian				Colloncuran							13.82
		Langhian				Friasian							15.4 *
		Burdigalian				Friasian							15.98
						Santacrucian							16.2 *
						Colhuehuapian							17.4 *
		Aquitanian				Colhuehuapian							20.44
		Aquitanian				Deseadan							20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4										23.03
		Rupelian											27.82
		Rupelian				Tinguirirican							28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3			Tinguirirican							33.9
		Priabonian				Divisaderan							35.9 *
		Bartonian											37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2										41.2
		Lutetian				Mustersan							41.9 *
		Ypresian				Mustersan							47.8
		Ypresian				Casamayoran							47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1			Riochican							56
						Itaboraian							56.9 *
						Peligran							58.9 *
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
		Danian				Tiupampan							62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8										66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7										72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6										83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4										100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3										113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2										121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2										125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1										132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6										145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5										149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4										165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4										168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3										174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2	184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4	208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	Meishanian	251.902
		Changhsingian		Baoqingian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian		Laoshanian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Laibinian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Lengwuan	259.51
		Wordian		Kuhfengian	264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3	Kuhfengian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2	Luodianian	273.01
		Artinskian		Luodianian	283.5
		Artinskian		Longlinian	285.4 *
		Sakmarian		Longlinian	290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1	Zisongian	293.52
		Asselian	Permian 1		Kuzel		297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5				Mapingian †	298.9
								300.1
					Stephanian			Stephanian C	300.3 *
								Stephanian B	300.9 *
								Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian						Stephanian A	303.7
								Cantabrian	305 *
									305.9
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4						307
					Westphalian			Westphalian D	307.4 *
								Westphalian C	309.8
								Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian						Westphalian B	315.2
								Westphalian A	317 *
					Namurian			Yeadonian	318.8 *
								Marsdenian	320.2 *
								Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
								Alportian	322 *
								Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3					Chokierian	323.2
								Arnsbergian	324 *
						Pendleian		327.4 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2		Warnantian	Brigantian †		330.9
					Livian	Asbian †		336.3 *
					Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		340.2 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1		Ivorian			346.7
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1		Hastarian			353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5		Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4		Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3		Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3		Couvinien				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2						393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1						407.6
		Pragian			Coblencien				408.2 *
		Lochkovian			Gedinnine				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1						433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5						443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5						445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3						458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2						470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1						477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5						Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
		Stage 10								Festiniogian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian								Festiniogian	489.5
		Jiangshanian								Maentwrogian	493.1 *
		Paibian								Maentwrogian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4						St Davids		497
		Guzhangian									Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian										500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3									504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3						Caerfai		Branchian	509
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2								Branchian	514
		Stage 3									Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1									529
													538.8