PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126108 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Ordovician of the Baltic				Permian of the Pamirs	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6									0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Late Pleistocene		0.0117
		Chibanian								Middle Pleistocene		0.129
		Calabrian								Early Pleistocene		0.774
		Gelasian								Early Pleistocene		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Late Pliocene		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean								Early Pliocene		3.6
	Miocene	Messinian								Late Miocene		5.333
		Tortonian								Late Miocene		7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5							Middle Miocene		11.63
		Langhian								Middle Miocene		13.82
		Burdigalian								Early Miocene		15.98
		Aquitanian								Early Miocene		20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4							Late Oligocene		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4							Early Oligocene		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3							Late Eocene		33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3							Middle Eocene		37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2							Middle Eocene		41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2							Early Eocene		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1							Late Paleocene		56
		Selandian								Middle Paleocene		59.2
		Danian								Early Paleocene		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8								Lancian/Edmontonian	66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7								Judithian/Aquilan	72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6									83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4									100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3									113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2									121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2									125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1									132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6									145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5									149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4									165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4									168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3									174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2									184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1									192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4									201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4									208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3									227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2									237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2									242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1									247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1									251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4					Dorashamian				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						Dzhulfian				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						Midian				259.51
		Wordian						Midian				264.28
		Wordian						Murgabian				266.2 *
		Roadian	Permian 3					Murgabian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2					Kubergandian				273.01
		Kungurian						Bolorian				279.8
		Artinskian						Bolorian				283.5
		Artinskian						Yakhtashian				286
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1	Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5		298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5		303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4		307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3		323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2		330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2		393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1		407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1		433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5		Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian				Pirgu	445.2
						Vormsi	449.6 *
						Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
					Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
						Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4			Keila	Idavere †	453
						Haljala		453.9
						Kukruse		456.4 *
						Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3			Uhaku		458.4
						Lasnamagi		458.9 *
						Aseri		460.4 *
					Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
						Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
						Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2			Volkhov			467.3
		Dapingian				Billingen			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian							470
							Latorp †		470.1 *
						Hunneberg			473.7 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			Hunneberg			Ungurian	477.7
						Varangu				481.3 *
						Pakerort				482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5			Pakerort			Batyrbaian	485.4
										486.3 *
										486.5
		Jiangshanian								489.5
									Aksaian	490.7 *
									Sakian	492.2 *
		Paibian							Sakian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4						Ayusokkanian	497
									Ayusokkanian	Arcadian	498.4
											499.5
		Drumian							Zhanaarykian		500.5
		Drumian							Tuesaian		503
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3						Tuesaian		504.5
		Wuliuan									505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4								Branchian	509
									Toyonian		510 *
									Botomian		512.5 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2						Botomian		514
				Atdabanian					515.6 *
				Atdabanian					Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian						521
		Stage 2								525.5
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1							529
												538.8