PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 125964 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cretaceous Subepochs	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Australia	Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6		Wanganui	Haweran			0
		Northgrippian							0.0042
		Greenlandian							0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Chibanian						Middle Pleistocene	0.129
		Chibanian				Castlecliffian		Middle Pleistocene	0.34
		Calabrian				Castlecliffian		Early Pleistocene	0.774
		Calabrian				Nukumaruan			1.63
		Gelasian				Nukumaruan			1.8
		Gelasian				Mangapanian			2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Mangapanian		Late Pliocene	2.58
		Piacenzian				Waipipian		Late Pliocene	3
		Zanclean				Waipipian		Early Pliocene	3.6
		Zanclean				Opoitian		Early Pliocene	3.7
	Miocene	Messinian			Taranaki	Kapitean		Late Miocene	5.333
		Messinian				Tongaporutuan			7.2
		Tortonian				Tongaporutuan			7.246
		Tortonian			Southland	Waiauan			11.04
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5			Waiauan		Middle Miocene	11.63
		Serravallian				Lillburnian			13.05
		Langhian				Lillburnian			13.82
						Clifdenian			15.1
					Pareora	Altonian			15.9
		Burdigalian				Altonian		Early Miocene	15.98
		Burdigalian				Otaian			18.7
		Aquitanian				Otaian			20.44
		Aquitanian			Landon	Waitakian			21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4			Waitakian		Late Oligocene	23.03
						Duntroonian			25.2
						Whaingaroan			27.3
		Rupelian						Early Oligocene	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3					Late Eocene	33.9
					Arnold	Runangan			34.6
						Kaiatan			36.7
		Bartonian				Kaiatan		Middle Eocene	37.71
		Bartonian				Bortonian			39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2			Bortonian			41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
						Heretaungan			45.7
		Ypresian				Heretaungan		Early Eocene	47.8
						Mangaorapan			48.9
						Waipawan			52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1			Teurian		Late Paleocene	56
		Selandian						Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Danian						Early Paleocene	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8	Senonian	Mata	Haumurian			66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7			Haumurian			72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6			Piripauan			83.6
		Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
		Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian							89.8
						Mangaotanean			90.5
						Arowhanan			93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5			Arowhanan			93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
						Motuan			99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4	Gallic		Motuan			100.5
						Urutawan			103.3
					Taitai	Korangan			108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3			Korangan			113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3						117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2						121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2	Neocomian					125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1						132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6				145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5				149.2
		Oxfordian					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4				165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4				168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3				174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2				184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1				192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4				201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4				208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
		Wordian					264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2				273.01
		Artinskian					283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5				298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5				303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4				307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3				323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2				330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2				393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1				407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1				433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5				Bolindian	443.8
		Katian					Bolindian	445.2
							Eastonian	449 *
							Gisbornian	452 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4				Gisbornian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3				Darriwilian	458.4
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2				Yapeenian	467.3
		Dapingian					Castlemainian	468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Chewtonian	470
							Bendigonian	471.8 *
						Lancefieldian	473.5 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			Lancefieldian	Ungurian	477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			Warendian	Ungurian	482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5				Batyrbaian	485.4
		Jiangshanian					Batyrbaian	489.5
				Aksaian	490.7 *
				Sakian	492.2 *
		Paibian		Sakian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	Ayusokkanian	497
				Ayusokkanian	Arcadian		498.4
							499.5
		Drumian		Zhanaarykian			500.5
		Drumian		Tuesaian			503
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3	Tuesaian			504.5
		Wuliuan					505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4			Branchian		509
				Toyonian			510 *
				Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2	Botomian			514
				Atdabanian			515.6 *
				Atdabanian	Placentian		517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian			521
		Stage 2					525.5
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1				529
									538.8