PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126133 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Ordovician of Australia	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Cambrian of West Avalonia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6											0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Late Pleistocene			0.0117
		Chibanian									Middle Pleistocene			0.129
		Calabrian									Early Pleistocene			0.774
		Gelasian									Early Pleistocene			1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Late Pliocene			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean									Early Pliocene			3.6
	Miocene	Messinian									Late Miocene			5.333
		Tortonian									Late Miocene			7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5								Middle Miocene			11.63
		Langhian									Middle Miocene			13.82
		Burdigalian									Early Miocene			15.98
		Aquitanian									Early Miocene			20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4								Late Oligocene			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4								Early Oligocene			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3								Late Eocene			33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3								Middle Eocene			37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2								Middle Eocene			41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2								Early Eocene			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1								Late Paleocene			56
		Selandian									Middle Paleocene			59.2
		Danian									Early Paleocene			61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8											66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7											72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6											83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4											100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3											113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2											121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2											125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1											132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6	Oteke	Puaroan									145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5	Oteke	Puaroan									149.2
				Kawhia	Ohauan									150
					Heterian									154.5
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Callovian			Temaikan									164.3
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4											165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4											168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan									176
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2		Ururoan									184.2
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2		Aratauran									188.9
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1											192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4	Balfour	Otapirian									201.4
		Norian			Warepan									208.5
					Otamitan									217
					Oretian									221
		Carnian	Triassic 3		Oretian									227
		Carnian	Triassic 3	Gore	Kaihikuan									227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2		Kaihikuan									237
		Ladinian			Etalian									238
		Anisian			Etalian									242
		Anisian			Malakovian									246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1		Malakovian									247.2
		Olenekian			Nelsonian									249
		Induan			Nelsonian	251.2
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4		Makarewan	251.902
		Changhsingian			Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Waiitian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Puruhauan	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Aparima	Flettian	259.51
		Wordian			Flettian	264.28
		Wordian			Barettian	266
		Roadian	Permian 3			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2			273.01
		Kungurian			Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian			Mangapirian	283.5
					Telfordian	285
						288.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5			298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5			303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4			307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3			323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2			330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2			393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1			407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1			433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5			Kosovian	Bolindian	443.8
		Katian				Kralodvorian	Bolindian	Bohdalec †	445.2
						Kralodvorian	Eastonian		449 *
						Berounian	Eastonian		449.7 *
							Gisbornian		452 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4						453
									Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
								Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3				Darriwilian				458.4
						Dobrotivian					458.5 *
						Oretanian					459.7 *
								Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2				Klabava †	Yapeenian			467.3
						Arenigian		Yapeenian			468
								Castlemainian			468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Chewtonian			470
								Bendigonian			471.8 *
								Lancefieldian			473.5 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			Tremadocian		Lancefieldian			Ungurian	477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			Tremadocian		Warendian			Ungurian	482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5								Batyrbaian	485.4
		Jiangshanian									Batyrbaian	489.5
											Aksaian	490.7 *
											Sakian	492.2 *
		Paibian									Sakian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4								Ayusokkanian	497
											Ayusokkanian	Arcadian	498.4
													499.5
		Drumian									Zhanaarykian		500.5
		Drumian									Tuesaian		503
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3								Tuesaian		504.5
		Wuliuan											505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4										Branchian	509
											Toyonian		510 *
											Botomian		512.5 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2								Botomian		514
											Atdabanian		515.6 *
											Atdabanian	Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									Tommotian		521
		Stage 2			525.5
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1		529
														538.8