PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126108 collections

Show less time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cambrian Epochs	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6				Wanganui	Haweran		0
		Northgrippian								0.0042
		Greenlandian								0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Chibanian							Middle Pleistocene	0.129
		Chibanian						Castlecliffian	Middle Pleistocene	0.34
		Calabrian						Castlecliffian	Early Pleistocene	0.774
		Calabrian						Nukumaruan		1.63
		Gelasian						Nukumaruan		1.8
		Gelasian						Mangapanian		2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Mangapanian	Late Pliocene	2.58
		Piacenzian						Waipipian	Late Pliocene	3
		Zanclean						Waipipian	Early Pliocene	3.6
		Zanclean						Opoitian	Early Pliocene	3.7
	Miocene	Messinian					Taranaki	Kapitean	Late Miocene	5.333
		Messinian						Tongaporutuan		7.2
		Tortonian						Tongaporutuan		7.246
		Tortonian					Southland	Waiauan		11.04
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5					Waiauan	Middle Miocene	11.63
		Serravallian						Lillburnian		13.05
		Langhian						Lillburnian		13.82
								Clifdenian		15.1
							Pareora	Altonian		15.9
		Burdigalian						Altonian	Early Miocene	15.98
		Burdigalian						Otaian		18.7
		Aquitanian						Otaian		20.44
		Aquitanian					Landon	Waitakian		21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4		Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian		Waitakian	Late Oligocene	23.03
								Duntroonian		25.2
								Whaingaroan		27.3
		Rupelian			Kekeamuan				Early Oligocene	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3		Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian				Late Eocene	33.9
							Arnold	Runangan		34.6
								Kaiatan		36.7
		Bartonian			Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan			Kaiatan	Middle Eocene	37.71
		Bartonian						Bortonian		39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2					Bortonian		41.2
							Dannevirke	Porangan		42.6
								Heretaungan		45.7
		Ypresian				Bumbanian		Heretaungan	Early Eocene	47.8
								Mangaorapan		48.9
								Waipawan		52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1		Gashatan			Teurian	Late Paleocene	56
		Selandian							Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Danian							Early Paleocene	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8				Mata	Haumurian		66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7					Haumurian		72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6					Piripauan		83.6
		Santonian					Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
		Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian								89.8
								Mangaotanean		90.5
								Arowhanan		93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5					Arowhanan		93.9
							Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
								Motuan		99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4					Motuan		100.5
								Urutawan		103.3
							Taitai	Korangan		108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3					Korangan		113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3							117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2							121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2							125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1							132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6				145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5				149.2
		Oxfordian					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4				165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4				168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3				174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2				184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1				192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4				201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4				208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
		Wordian					264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2				273.01
		Artinskian					283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5				298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5				303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4				307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3				323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2				330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2				393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1				407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1		433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5		Bolindian	443.8
		Katian			Bolindian	445.2
					Eastonian	449 *
					Gisbornian	452 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4		Gisbornian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3		Darriwilian	458.4
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2		Yapeenian	467.3
		Dapingian			Castlemainian	468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Chewtonian	470
					Bendigonian	471.8 *
					Lancefieldian	473.5 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1		Lancefieldian	Ungurian	477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1		Warendian	Ungurian	482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5		Late Cambrian		Batyrbaian	485.4
		Jiangshanian					Batyrbaian	489.5
				Aksaian			490.7 *
				Sakian			492.2 *
		Paibian		Sakian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	Middle Cambrian	Ayusokkanian		497
					Ayusokkanian		Arcadian	498.4
								499.5
		Drumian			Zhanaarykian			500.5
		Drumian			Tuesaian			503
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3		Tuesaian			504.5
		Wuliuan						505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4		Early Cambrian			Branchian	509
					Toyonian			510 *
					Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2		Botomian			514
					Atdabanian			515.6 *
					Atdabanian		Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Tommotian			521
		Stage 2						525.5
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1					529
										538.8