PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126133 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Devonian Subages	Permian of North America		Cambrian of Australia	Cretaceous Subepochs	Devonian of France	Cambrian of West Avalonia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan									0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Chibanian									0.129
		Calabrian									0.774
		Gelasian									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean									3.6
	Miocene	Messinian									5.333
		Tortonian									7.246
		Serravallian									11.63
		Langhian									13.82
		Burdigalian									15.98
		Aquitanian									20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
		Bartonian									37.71
		Lutetian									41.2
		Ypresian									47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian									56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Senonian			66
		Campanian									72.1
		Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						Gallic			100.5
		Aptian									113
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian						Neocomian			125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
		Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian									168.2
		Aalenian									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
		Pliensbachian									184.2
		Sinemurian									192.9
		Hettangian									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
		Norian									208.5
		Carnian									227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Vokhmian								247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Vokhmian								251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian								254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian		Capitanian						259.51
		Wordian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian		Wordian						264.28
		Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian		Roadian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Leonardian	Cathedralian					273.01
		Kungurian				Hessian					281.9 *
		Artinskian				Hessian					283.5
		Artinskian			Wolfcampian	Lenoxian					286.1 *
		Sakmarian				Lenoxian					290.1
		Asselian		Nealian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Late Famennian	Famennian		358.9
						Middle Famennian			365.3 *
						Early Famennian			368.5 *
		Frasnian				Late Frasnian	Frasnian		372.2
						Middle Frasnian			375.4 *
						Early Frasnian			379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Late Givetian	Givetian		382.7
						Middle Givetian			383.7 *
						Early Givetian			385.9 *
		Eifelian				Late Eifelian	Couvinien		387.7
		Eifelian				Early Eifelian			390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Late Emsian			393.3
		Emsian				Early Emsian			398.3 *
		Pragian				Pragian			407.6
		Pragian				Pragian	Coblencien		408.2 *
		Lochkovian				Late Lochkovian	Gedinnine		410.8
						Middle Lochkovian			412.8 *
						Early Lochkovian			415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
		Katian							445.2
		Sandbian						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian						470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Datsonian	485.4
		Stage 10						Payntonian	486.8 *
		Jiangshanian						Iverian	489.5
		Paibian						Idamean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Mindyallan	497
								Mindyallan	Arcadian	498.4
								Boomerangian		499
		Drumian						Undillan		500.5
		Drumian						Floran		503
		Wuliuan						Templetonian		504.5
		Wuliuan						Ordian		507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4						Ordian	Branchian	509
		Stage 4								510.8 *
		Stage 3								514
		Stage 3							Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
											538.8