PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126137 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cambrian of China		Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Wanganui	Haweran							0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Chibanian										0.129
		Chibanian			Castlecliffian							0.34
		Calabrian			Castlecliffian							0.774
		Calabrian			Nukumaruan							1.63
		Gelasian			Nukumaruan							1.8
		Gelasian			Mangapanian							2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Mangapanian							2.58
		Piacenzian			Waipipian							3
		Zanclean			Waipipian							3.6
		Zanclean			Opoitian							3.7
	Miocene	Messinian		Taranaki	Kapitean							5.333
		Messinian			Tongaporutuan							7.2
		Tortonian			Tongaporutuan							7.246
		Tortonian		Southland	Waiauan							11.04
		Serravallian			Waiauan							11.63
		Serravallian			Lillburnian							13.05
		Langhian			Lillburnian							13.82
					Clifdenian							15.1
				Pareora	Altonian							15.9
		Burdigalian			Altonian							15.98
		Burdigalian			Otaian							18.7
		Aquitanian			Otaian							20.44
		Aquitanian		Landon	Waitakian							21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Waitakian							23.03
					Duntroonian							25.2
					Whaingaroan							27.3
		Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
				Arnold	Runangan							34.6
					Kaiatan							36.7
		Bartonian			Kaiatan							37.71
		Bartonian			Bortonian							39.1
		Lutetian			Bortonian							41.2
				Dannevirke	Porangan							42.6
					Heretaungan							45.7
		Ypresian			Heretaungan							47.8
					Mangaorapan							48.9
					Waipawan							52
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Teurian							56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian			Lancian/Edmontonian				66
		Campanian			Haumurian			Judithian/Aquilan				72.1
		Santonian			Piripauan							83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan							86.1
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
					Mangaotanean							90.5
					Arowhanan							93.7
		Cenomanian			Arowhanan							93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian							95.2
					Motuan							99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan							100.5
					Urutawan							103.3
				Taitai	Korangan							108.4
		Aptian			Korangan							113
		Aptian										117.5
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Melekhovian		Meishanian	251.902
		Changhsingian				Baoqingian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian				Laoshanian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian				Laibinian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Lengwuan	259.51
		Wordian				Kuhfengian	264.28
		Wordian		Noginskian			264.9 *
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Luodianian	273.01
		Kungurian		Pavlovoposadian			276.8 *
		Artinskian					283.5
						Longlinian	285.4 *
				Rusavkinian			287.6 *
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian				Zisongian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Zisongian	298.9
		Gzhelian					300.1
		Kasimovian		Dorogomilovian			303.7
				Khamovnikian			304.8
				Krevyakinian			305.8 *
		Moscovian		Myachkovian			307
				Podolskian			308.9 *
				Kashirian			311.4 *
				Vereian			313.8
				Melekessian			314.8
		Bashkirian		Melekessian			315.2
				Cheremshanian			316.9 *
				Prikamian			318.6 *
				Severokeltmian			319.9 *
				Krasnopolyanian			321.2 *
				Voznesenian			321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Zapaltjubian			323.2
				Protvian			324.4 *
				Steshevian			326.8 *
				Tarusian			329 *
		Visean		Venevian			330.9
				Mikhailovian			331.9 *
				Aleksinian			333.7 *
				Tulian			335.8 *
				Bobrikian			339.9 *
				Radaevkian			343.4 *
		Tournaisian		Kosvian	346.7
				Kizelian	350.7 *
				Cherepetian	351.9 *
				Karakubian	354.4 *
				Upinian	356.3 *
			Malevkian	357.6 *
			Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ashgill	Hirnantian		443.8
		Katian			Rawtheyan		445.2
					Cautleyan		448.9 *
					Pusgillian		449.3 *
				Caradoc	Streffordian		Onnian †	449.6 *
					Cheneyan			451.5 *
					Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian						453
							Actonian †	453.2 *
							Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
							Longvillian †		455.2 *
					Aurelucian		Longvillian †		456.8 *
					Aurelucian		Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				458.4
		Darriwilian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				461.3 *
		Dapingian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				467.3
		Dapingian		Arenig	Fennian				468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Fennian	470
					Whitlandian	471.1 *
					Moridunian	474.3 *
		Tremadocian		Tremadoc	Migneintian	477.7
				Tremadoc	Cressagian	480.8 *
						485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Niuchehean			Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Jiangshanian				Jiangshanian				489.5
		Paibian				Paibian				494
		Paibian				Paibian			Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Guzhangian			Wangcunian †	497
		Guzhangian				Guzhangian				Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian				Drumian					500.5
		Wuliuan				Wuliuan/Taijangian					504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Duyunian				Branchian	509
		Stage 3				Nangaoian				Branchian	514
		Stage 3				Nangaoian				Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Meishucunian					521
		Fortunian				Meishucunian					529
		Fortunian				Jinnigian					530.7
												538.8