PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 125957 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	South American Land Mammal Ages		Cambrian of Britain		Carboniferous of Western Europe		Permian of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan									0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Lujanian							0.0117
		Chibanian		Lujanian							0.129
		Chibanian		Ensenadan							0.3 *
		Calabrian		Ensenadan							0.774
		Calabrian		Sanandresian	Uquian †						1.7 *
		Gelasian		Sanandresian							1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Vorohuean							2.58
		Piacenzian		Chapadmalalan							2.9 *
		Zanclean		Chapadmalalan							3.6
				Montehermosan							3.7 *
				Huayquerian							4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian									5.333
		Tortonian									7.246
				Chasicoan							7.9 *
				Mayoan							9.9 *
				Laventan							10.9 *
		Serravallian		Laventan							11.63
		Serravallian		Colloncuran							13.7 *
		Langhian		Colloncuran							13.82
		Langhian		Friasian							15.4 *
		Burdigalian		Friasian							15.98
				Santacrucian							16.2 *
				Colhuehuapian							17.4 *
		Aquitanian		Colhuehuapian							20.44
		Aquitanian		Deseadan							20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									23.03
		Rupelian									27.82
		Rupelian		Tinguirirican							28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian		Tinguirirican							33.9
		Priabonian		Divisaderan							35.9 *
		Bartonian									37.71
		Lutetian									41.2
		Lutetian		Mustersan							41.9 *
		Ypresian		Mustersan							47.8
		Ypresian		Casamayoran							47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Riochican							56
				Itaboraian							56.9 *
				Peligran							58.9 *
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
		Danian		Tiupampan							62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
		Campanian									72.1
		Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
		Aptian									113
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
		Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian									168.2
		Aalenian									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
		Pliensbachian	184.2
		Sinemurian	192.9
		Hettangian	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
		Norian	208.5
		Carnian	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian		251.902
		Changhsingian	Baoqingian		253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian		254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Laibinian		257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan		259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian		264.28
		Roadian	Kuhfengian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian		273.01
		Artinskian	Luodianian		283.5
		Artinskian	Longlinian		285.4 *
		Sakmarian	Longlinian		290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian		293.52
		Asselian			Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Mapingian †	298.9
							300.1
					Stephanian		Stephanian C	300.3 *
							Stephanian B	300.9 *
							Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian					Stephanian A	303.7
							Cantabrian	305 *
								305.9
		Moscovian						307
					Westphalian		Westphalian D	307.4 *
							Westphalian C	309.8
							Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian					Westphalian B	315.2
							Westphalian A	317 *
					Namurian		Yeadonian	318.8 *
							Marsdenian	320.2 *
							Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
							Alportian	322 *
							Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Chokierian	323.2
							Arnsbergian	324 *
				Pendleian			327.4 *
		Visean		Warnantian	Brigantian †		330.9
				Livian	Asbian †		336.3 *
				Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		340.2 *
		Tournaisian		Ivorian			346.7
		Tournaisian		Hastarian			353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
		Katian					445.2
		Sandbian					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
		Stage 10						Festiniogian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian						Festiniogian	489.5
		Jiangshanian						Maentwrogian	493.1 *
		Paibian						Maentwrogian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					St Davids		497
		Guzhangian							Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan								504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Caerfai		Branchian	509
		Stage 3							Branchian	514
		Stage 3							Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
											538.8