PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 125964 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of France	Permian Subages of Germany	Permian of the Pamirs	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		European Faunal Units	Cretaceous Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan								0
		Northgrippian								0.0042
		Greenlandian								0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								0.0117
		Chibanian								0.129
		Calabrian								0.774
		Gelasian								1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Villanyian		2.58
		Piacenzian						Ruscinian		3.1 *
		Zanclean						Ruscinian		3.6
	Miocene	Messinian						Turolian		5.333
		Tortonian						Turolian		7.246
		Tortonian						Vallesian		8.7
		Serravallian						Astaracian		11.63
		Langhian						Astaracian		13.82
		Burdigalian						Orleanian		15.98
		Burdigalian						Agenian		20
		Aquitanian						Agenian		20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian								27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian								33.9
		Bartonian								37.71
		Lutetian								41.2
		Ypresian								47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian								56
		Selandian								59.2
		Danian								61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Senonian	66
		Campanian								72.1
		Santonian								83.6
		Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian								89.8
		Cenomanian								93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							Gallic	100.5
		Aptian								113
		Barremian								121.4
		Hauterivian							Neocomian	125.77
		Valanginian								132.6
		Berriasian								139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Oteke	Puaroan			145
		Kimmeridgian				Oteke	Puaroan			149.2
						Kawhia	Ohauan			150
							Heterian			154.5
		Oxfordian								154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
		Callovian					Temaikan			164.3
		Bathonian								165.3
		Bajocian								168.2
		Aalenian								170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian								174.7
		Toarcian				Herangi	Ururoan			176
		Pliensbachian					Ururoan			184.2
		Pliensbachian					Aratauran			188.9
		Sinemurian								192.9
		Hettangian								199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Balfour	Otapirian			201.4
		Norian					Warepan			208.5
							Otamitan			217
							Oretian			221
		Carnian					Oretian			227
		Carnian				Gore	Kaihikuan			227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Kaihikuan			237
		Ladinian					Etalian			238
		Anisian					Etalian			242
		Anisian	Malakovian	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Malakovian	247.2
		Olenekian	Nelsonian	249
		Induan	Nelsonian	251.2
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	Buntsandstein	Dorashamian	251.902
		Changhsingian		Waiitian		Dorashamian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian		Dzhulfian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan		Dzhulfian	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Ohre/Aller	Midian	Aparima	Flettian	259.51
		Wordian	Leine			Flettian	264.28
						Barettian	266
				Murgabian			266.2 *
		Roadian		Murgabian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Kubergandian			273.01
				Kubergandian		Mangapirian	276
				Bolorian			279.8
		Artinskian					283.5
						Telfordian	285
				Yakhtashian		Telfordian	286
				Yakhtashian			288.5
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Kasimovian					303.7
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Couvinien	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Pragian					Coblencien	408.2 *
		Lochkovian					Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
		Katian						445.2
		Sandbian						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian						470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						485.4
		Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						497
		Guzhangian						Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian							500.5
		Wuliuan							504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Branchian	509
		Stage 3						Branchian	514
		Stage 3						Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
										538.8