PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126142 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of Eastern North America		Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Permian of the Pamirs	Ordovician of Britain				Permian of China	Cambrian of West Avalonia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan														0
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene											0.129
		Calabrian			Early Pleistocene											0.774
		Gelasian			Early Pleistocene											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Late Pliocene											2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean			Early Pliocene											3.6
	Miocene	Messinian			Late Miocene											5.333
		Tortonian			Late Miocene											7.246
		Serravallian			Middle Miocene											11.63
		Langhian			Middle Miocene											13.82
		Burdigalian			Early Miocene											15.98
		Aquitanian			Early Miocene											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Late Oligocene											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian			Early Oligocene											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian			Late Eocene											33.9
		Bartonian			Middle Eocene											37.71
		Lutetian			Middle Eocene											41.2
		Ypresian			Early Eocene											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Late Paleocene											56
		Selandian			Middle Paleocene											59.2
		Danian			Early Paleocene											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Oteke	Puaroan									145
		Kimmeridgian				Oteke	Puaroan									149.2
						Kawhia	Ohauan									150
							Heterian									154.5
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Callovian					Temaikan									164.3
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Toarcian				Herangi	Ururoan									176
		Pliensbachian					Ururoan									184.2
		Pliensbachian					Aratauran									188.9
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Balfour	Otapirian									201.4
		Norian					Warepan									208.5
							Otamitan									217
							Oretian									221
		Carnian					Oretian									227
		Carnian				Gore	Kaihikuan									227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Kaihikuan									237
		Ladinian					Etalian									238
		Anisian					Etalian									242
		Anisian					Malakovian									246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					Malakovian									247.2
		Olenekian					Nelsonian									249
		Induan	251.2				Nelsonian
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan		251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan		Dorashamian	Meishanian	251.902
				Waiitian			Meishanian	253.2
							Baoqingian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian				Dzhulfian	Laoshanian	254.14
				Puruhauan			Laoshanian	254.2
				Puruhauan			Laibinian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian		Midian	Lengwuan	259.51
		Wordian		Flettian			Kuhfengian	264.28
				Barettian				266
						Murgabian		266.2 *
		Roadian				Murgabian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Kubergandian	Luodianian	273.01
				Mangapirian		Kubergandian		276
						Bolorian		279.8
		Artinskian						283.5
				Telfordian				285
							Longlinian	285.4 *
						Yakhtashian		286
						Yakhtashian		288.5
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian				Asselian	Zisongian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Mapingian †	Zisongian		298.9
		Gzhelian					300.1
		Kasimovian					303.7
		Kasimovian					305.9
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					West Fallsian/Sonyean		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan		Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Southwoodian		Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					Sawkillian/Deer Parkian		Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian								407.6
		Lochkovian								410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian									Rawtheyan	445.2
											Cautleyan	448.9 *
											Pusgillian	449.3 *
										Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
											Cheneyan		451.5 *
											Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian											453
												Actonian †	453.2 *
												Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
												Longvillian †		455.2 *
											Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
											Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian									Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
		Dapingian									Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
		Dapingian								Arenig	Fennian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian									Fennian			470
											Whitlandian			471.1 *
											Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian								Tremadoc	Migneintian			477.7
										Tremadoc	Cressagian			480.8 *
														485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10												485.4
		Jiangshanian												489.5
		Paibian												494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian												497
		Guzhangian												Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian													500.5
		Wuliuan													504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4												Branchian	509
		Stage 3												Branchian	514
		Stage 3												Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2													521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian													529
																538.8