PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126108 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of the Baltic				Cambrian Epochs	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan								Wanganui	Haweran		0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Chibanian										Middle Pleistocene	0.129
		Chibanian									Castlecliffian	Middle Pleistocene	0.34
		Calabrian									Castlecliffian	Early Pleistocene	0.774
		Calabrian									Nukumaruan		1.63
		Gelasian									Nukumaruan		1.8
		Gelasian									Mangapanian		2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Mangapanian	Late Pliocene	2.58
		Piacenzian									Waipipian	Late Pliocene	3
		Zanclean									Waipipian	Early Pliocene	3.6
		Zanclean									Opoitian	Early Pliocene	3.7
	Miocene	Messinian								Taranaki	Kapitean	Late Miocene	5.333
		Messinian									Tongaporutuan		7.2
		Tortonian									Tongaporutuan		7.246
		Tortonian								Southland	Waiauan		11.04
		Serravallian									Waiauan	Middle Miocene	11.63
		Serravallian									Lillburnian		13.05
		Langhian									Lillburnian		13.82
											Clifdenian		15.1
										Pareora	Altonian		15.9
		Burdigalian									Altonian	Early Miocene	15.98
		Burdigalian									Otaian		18.7
		Aquitanian									Otaian		20.44
		Aquitanian								Landon	Waitakian		21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian		Waitakian	Late Oligocene	23.03
											Duntroonian		25.2
											Whaingaroan		27.3
		Rupelian						Kekeamuan				Early Oligocene	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian						Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian				Late Eocene	33.9
										Arnold	Runangan		34.6
											Kaiatan		36.7
		Bartonian						Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan			Kaiatan	Middle Eocene	37.71
		Bartonian									Bortonian		39.1
		Lutetian									Bortonian		41.2
										Dannevirke	Porangan		42.6
											Heretaungan		45.7
		Ypresian							Bumbanian		Heretaungan	Early Eocene	47.8
											Mangaorapan		48.9
											Waipawan		52
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Gashatan			Teurian	Late Paleocene	56
		Selandian										Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Danian										Early Paleocene	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Mata	Haumurian		66
		Campanian									Haumurian		72.1
		Santonian									Piripauan		83.6
		Santonian								Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
											Mangaotanean		90.5
											Arowhanan		93.7
		Cenomanian									Arowhanan		93.9
										Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
											Motuan		99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									Motuan		100.5
											Urutawan		103.3
										Taitai	Korangan		108.4
		Aptian									Korangan		113
		Aptian											117.5
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
		Wordian		264.28
		Roadian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
		Artinskian		283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
		Kasimovian		303.7
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Harju	Porkuni	Bolindian	443.8
		Katian			Pirgu	Bolindian	445.2
					Pirgu	Eastonian	449 *
					Vormsi		449.6 *
					Nabala		Johvi †	450 *
				Viru	Rakvere			450.6 *
					Oandu	Gisbornian		452 *
		Sandbian			Keila		Idavere †	453
					Haljala			453.9
					Kukruse			456.4 *
					Uhaku		Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Uhaku	Darriwilian		458.4
					Lasnamagi			458.9 *
					Aseri			460.4 *
				Oeland	Kunda			462.9 *
			Valaste †/Hunderum		Kunda		464.3 *
					Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian				Yapeenian		467.3
						Castlemainian		468.5 *
					Billingen	Castlemainian		469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Chewtonian		470
			Latorp †			Chewtonian		470.1 *
						Bendigonian		471.8 *
						Lancefieldian		473.5 *
					Hunneberg			473.7 *
		Tremadocian			Hunneberg			Ungurian	477.7
					Varangu				481.3 *
					Pakerort				482.2 *
						Warendian			482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Late Cambrian			Batyrbaian	485.4
										486.3 *
										486.5
		Jiangshanian								489.5
									Aksaian	490.7 *
									Sakian	492.2 *
		Paibian							Sakian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Middle Cambrian			Ayusokkanian	497
									Ayusokkanian	Arcadian	498.4
											499.5
		Drumian							Zhanaarykian		500.5
		Drumian							Tuesaian		503
		Wuliuan							Tuesaian		504.5
		Wuliuan									505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4				Early Cambrian				Branchian	509
									Toyonian		510 *
									Botomian		512.5 *
		Stage 3							Botomian		514
									Atdabanian		515.6 *
									Atdabanian	Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							Tommotian		521
		Stage 2									525.5
		Fortunian									529
													538.8