PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126133 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Australia	Cambrian of Australia	North American Land Mammal Ages	South American Land Mammal Ages		Silurian of the Baltic	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Saintaugustinean				Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Meghalayan			Santarosean						0.0004
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Lujanian					0.0117
		Late Pleistocene			Rancholabrean						0.014
		Chibanian			Rancholabrean						0.129
					Irvingtonian						0.21
						Ensenadan					0.3 *
										Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian									0.774
					Blancan						1.4
										Nukumaruan	1.63
						Sanandresian	Uquian †				1.7 *
		Gelasian									1.8
		Gelasian								Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Vorohuean					2.58
						Chapadmalalan					2.9 *
										Waipipian	3
		Zanclean								Waipipian	3.6
						Montehermosan				Opoitian	3.7 *
					Hemphillian	Montehermosan					4.7
						Huayquerian					4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian							Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian								Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian									7.246
						Chasicoan					7.9 *
					Clarendonian	Chasicoan					9.4
						Mayoan					9.9 *
						Laventan					10.9 *
									Southland	Waiauan	11.04
		Serravallian									11.63
					Barstovian						12.5
										Lillburnian	13.05
						Colloncuran					13.7 *
		Langhian									13.82
										Clifdenian	15.1
						Friasian				Clifdenian	15.4 *
									Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian									15.98
						Santacrucian					16.2 *
					Hemingfordian	Santacrucian					16.3
					Hemingfordian	Colhuehuapian					17.4 *
					Arikareean						18.5
										Otaian	18.7
		Aquitanian									20.44
						Deseadan					20.9 *
									Landon	Waitakian	21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Waitakian	23.03
										Duntroonian	25.2
										Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian									27.82
						Tinguirirican					28.9 *
					Whitneyan						29.5
					Orellan						31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian			Chadronian						33.9
									Arnold	Runangan	34.6
						Divisaderan				Runangan	35.9 *
										Kaiatan	36.7
					Duchesnean						37
		Bartonian									37.71
										Bortonian	39.1
					Uintan						39.7
		Lutetian									41.2
			Mustersan	41.9 *
				Dannevirke		Porangan		42.6
						Heretaungan		45.7
					Bridgerian			46.2
		Ypresian						47.8
			Casamayoran					47.9 *
						Mangaorapan		48.9
					Wasatchian	Mangaorapan		50.5
					Wasatchian	Waipawan		52
					Clarkforkian	Waipawan		54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Riochican		Clarkforkian	Teurian		56
			Riochican		Tiffanian			56.2
			Itaboraian					56.9 *
			Peligran					58.9 *
		Selandian						59.2
		Selandian			Torrejonian			60.9
		Danian						61.6
			Tiupampan				62.4 *
			Tiupampan		Puercan		63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Mata	Haumurian	66
		Campanian				Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian				Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian					89.8
						Mangaotanean	90.5
						Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian				Arowhanan	93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
						Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Motuan	100.5
						Urutawan	103.3
					Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian				Korangan	113
		Aptian					117.5
		Barremian					121.4
		Hauterivian					125.77
		Valanginian					132.6
		Berriasian					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					145
		Kimmeridgian					149.2
		Oxfordian					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian					165.3
		Bajocian					168.2
		Aalenian					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					174.7
		Pliensbachian					184.2
		Sinemurian					192.9
		Hettangian					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
		Norian					208.5
		Carnian					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan					251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Meishanian	251.902
		Changhsingian					Baoqingian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian					Laoshanian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian					Laibinian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Lengwuan	259.51
		Wordian					Kuhfengian	264.28
		Roadian					Kuhfengian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					Luodianian	273.01
		Artinskian					Luodianian	283.5
		Artinskian					Longlinian	285.4 *
		Sakmarian					Longlinian	290.1
		Asselian					Zisongian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Zisongian	298.9
		Gzhelian						300.1
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean						330.9
		Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli		Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian	Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian	Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian	Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian	Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani	433.4
		Telychian	Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian	Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian	Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian	Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian	Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Bolindian			443.8
		Katian	Bolindian			445.2
			Eastonian			449 *
			Gisbornian			452 *
		Sandbian	Gisbornian		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian		458.4
		Dapingian	Yapeenian		467.3
		Dapingian	Castlemainian		468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Chewtonian		470
			Bendigonian		471.8 *
			Lancefieldian		473.5 *
		Tremadocian	Lancefieldian		477.7
		Tremadocian	Warendian		482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Datsonian	485.4
		Stage 10			Payntonian	486.8 *
		Jiangshanian			Iverian	489.5
		Paibian			Idamean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Mindyallan	497
					Mindyallan	Arcadian		498.4
					Boomerangian			499
		Drumian			Undillan			500.5
		Drumian			Floran			503
		Wuliuan			Templetonian			504.5
		Wuliuan			Ordian			507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4			Ordian	Branchian		509
		Stage 4						510.8 *
		Stage 3						514
		Stage 3				Placentian		517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
											538.8