PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126133 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of North America						Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cambrian of China		Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							Wanganui	Haweran							0
		Northgrippian															0.0042
		Greenlandian															0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															0.0117
		Chibanian															0.129
		Chibanian								Castlecliffian							0.34
		Calabrian								Castlecliffian							0.774
		Calabrian								Nukumaruan							1.63
		Gelasian								Nukumaruan							1.8
		Gelasian								Mangapanian							2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Mangapanian							2.58
		Piacenzian								Waipipian							3
		Zanclean								Waipipian							3.6
		Zanclean								Opoitian							3.7
	Miocene	Messinian							Taranaki	Kapitean							5.333
		Messinian								Tongaporutuan							7.2
		Tortonian								Tongaporutuan							7.246
		Tortonian							Southland	Waiauan							11.04
		Serravallian								Waiauan							11.63
		Serravallian								Lillburnian							13.05
		Langhian								Lillburnian							13.82
										Clifdenian							15.1
									Pareora	Altonian							15.9
		Burdigalian								Altonian							15.98
		Burdigalian								Otaian							18.7
		Aquitanian								Otaian							20.44
		Aquitanian							Landon	Waitakian							21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Waitakian							23.03
										Duntroonian							25.2
										Whaingaroan							27.3
		Rupelian															27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
									Arnold	Runangan							34.6
										Kaiatan							36.7
		Bartonian								Kaiatan							37.71
		Bartonian								Bortonian							39.1
		Lutetian								Bortonian							41.2
									Dannevirke	Porangan							42.6
										Heretaungan							45.7
		Ypresian								Heretaungan							47.8
										Mangaorapan							48.9
										Waipawan							52
	Paleocene	Thanetian								Teurian							56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Mata	Haumurian				Lancian/Edmontonian			66
		Campanian								Haumurian				Judithian/Aquilan			72.1
		Santonian								Piripauan							83.6
		Santonian							Raukumara	Teratan							86.1
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
										Mangaotanean							90.5
										Arowhanan							93.7
		Cenomanian								Arowhanan							93.9
									Clarence	Ngaterian							95.2
										Motuan							99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian								Motuan							100.5
										Urutawan							103.3
									Taitai	Korangan							108.4
		Aptian								Korangan							113
		Aptian															117.5
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Melekhovian	Meishanian	251.902
		Changhsingian			Baoqingian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian			Laoshanian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Laibinian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Lengwuan	259.51
		Wordian			Kuhfengian	264.28
		Wordian		Noginskian		264.9 *
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Luodianian	273.01
		Kungurian		Pavlovoposadian		276.8 *
		Artinskian				283.5
					Longlinian	285.4 *
				Rusavkinian		287.6 *
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian			Zisongian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Zisongian	298.9
		Gzhelian				300.1
		Kasimovian		Dorogomilovian		303.7
				Khamovnikian		304.8
				Krevyakinian		305.8 *
		Moscovian		Myachkovian		307
				Podolskian		308.9 *
				Kashirian		311.4 *
				Vereian		313.8
				Melekessian		314.8
		Bashkirian		Melekessian		315.2
				Cheremshanian		316.9 *
				Prikamian		318.6 *
				Severokeltmian		319.9 *
				Krasnopolyanian		321.2 *
				Voznesenian		321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Zapaltjubian		323.2
				Protvian		324.4 *
				Steshevian		326.8 *
				Tarusian		329 *
		Visean		Venevian		330.9
				Mikhailovian		331.9 *
				Aleksinian		333.7 *
				Tulian		335.8 *
				Bobrikian		339.9 *
				Radaevkian		343.4 *
		Tournaisian		Kosvian		346.7
				Kizelian		350.7 *
				Cherepetian		351.9 *
				Karakubian		354.4 *
				Upinian		356.3 *
			Malevkian	357.6 *
			Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Cincinnatian		Gamachian	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian				Gamachian		Rawtheyan	445.2
						Richmondian		Rawtheyan	446 *
								Cautleyan	448.9 *
								Pusgillian	449.3 *
							Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
						Maysvillian				Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
						Edenian					450.4 *
				Mohawkian		Chatfieldian					451.1 *
								Cheneyan			451.5 *
								Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian									453
									Actonian †		453.2 *
						Turinian			Actonian †		453.7 *
									Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
									Longvillian †			455.2 *
								Aurelucian				456.8 *
				Whiterockian		Canadian †				Chazyan †/Marmor		457 *
									Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian			457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				458.4
		Darriwilian						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				461.3 *
		Dapingian						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				467.3
							Arenig	Fennian				468.4 *
					Rangerian							469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Ibexian	Blackhillsian					Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †	470
					Blackhillsian			Whitlandian					471.1 *
					Tulean			Whitlandian					473.9 *
								Moridunian					474.3 *
		Tremadocian					Tremadoc	Migneintian					477.7
					Stairsian			Migneintian					480.3 *
					Stairsian			Cressagian					480.8 *
					Skullrockian			Cressagian				Demingian †	482 *
												Demingian †	485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10											Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Stage 10											Niuchehean		487.5
		Jiangshanian											Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian											Paibian		494
		Paibian											Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian											Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
		Guzhangian											Guzhangian		Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian											Drumian			500.5
		Wuliuan											Wuliuan/Taijangian			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4											Duyunian		Branchian	509
		Stage 3											Nangaoian		Branchian	514
		Stage 3											Nangaoian		Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											Meishucunian			521
		Fortunian											Meishucunian			529
		Fortunian											Jinnigian			530.7
																	538.8