PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126133 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of North America		Ten Million Year Bins	Cretaceous Subepochs	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Australia	Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Cenozoic 6		Wanganui	Haweran			0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Chibanian								Middle Pleistocene	0.129
		Chibanian						Castlecliffian		Middle Pleistocene	0.34
		Calabrian						Castlecliffian		Early Pleistocene	0.774
		Calabrian						Nukumaruan			1.63
		Gelasian						Nukumaruan			1.8
		Gelasian						Mangapanian			2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Mangapanian		Late Pliocene	2.58
		Piacenzian						Waipipian		Late Pliocene	3
		Zanclean						Waipipian		Early Pliocene	3.6
		Zanclean						Opoitian		Early Pliocene	3.7
	Miocene	Messinian					Taranaki	Kapitean		Late Miocene	5.333
		Messinian						Tongaporutuan			7.2
		Tortonian						Tongaporutuan			7.246
		Tortonian					Southland	Waiauan			11.04
		Serravallian			Cenozoic 5			Waiauan		Middle Miocene	11.63
		Serravallian						Lillburnian			13.05
		Langhian						Lillburnian			13.82
								Clifdenian			15.1
							Pareora	Altonian			15.9
		Burdigalian						Altonian		Early Miocene	15.98
		Burdigalian						Otaian			18.7
		Aquitanian						Otaian			20.44
		Aquitanian					Landon	Waitakian			21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Cenozoic 4			Waitakian		Late Oligocene	23.03
								Duntroonian			25.2
								Whaingaroan			27.3
		Rupelian								Early Oligocene	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian			Cenozoic 3					Late Eocene	33.9
							Arnold	Runangan			34.6
								Kaiatan			36.7
		Bartonian						Kaiatan		Middle Eocene	37.71
		Bartonian						Bortonian			39.1
		Lutetian			Cenozoic 2			Bortonian			41.2
							Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
								Heretaungan			45.7
		Ypresian						Heretaungan		Early Eocene	47.8
								Mangaorapan			48.9
								Waipawan			52
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Cenozoic 1			Teurian		Late Paleocene	56
		Selandian								Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Danian								Early Paleocene	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Cretaceous 8	Senonian	Mata	Haumurian			66
		Campanian			Cretaceous 7			Haumurian			72.1
		Santonian			Cretaceous 6			Piripauan			83.6
		Santonian					Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
								Mangaotanean			90.5
								Arowhanan			93.7
		Cenomanian			Cretaceous 5			Arowhanan			93.9
							Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
								Motuan			99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Cretaceous 4	Gallic		Motuan			100.5
								Urutawan			103.3
							Taitai	Korangan			108.4
		Aptian			Cretaceous 3			Korangan			113
		Aptian			Cretaceous 3						117.5
		Barremian			Cretaceous 2						121.4
		Hauterivian			Cretaceous 2	Neocomian					125.77
		Valanginian			Cretaceous 1						132.6
		Berriasian	139.8		Cretaceous 1
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6			145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5			149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4			165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4			168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3			174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2			184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1			192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4			201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4			208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2			273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5			298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5			303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4			307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3			323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2			330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2			393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1			407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1			433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5			Bolindian	443.8
		Katian				Bolindian	445.2
						Eastonian	449 *
						Gisbornian	452 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4			Gisbornian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3			Darriwilian	458.4
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2			Yapeenian	467.3
		Dapingian				Castlemainian	468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Chewtonian	470
						Bendigonian	471.8 *
						Lancefieldian	473.5 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			Lancefieldian	Ungurian	477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			Warendian	Ungurian	482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan			Cambrian 5		Batyrbaian	485.4
		Stage 10							Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian		489.5
				Aksaian	490.7 *
				Sakian	492.2 *
					Steptoean			493 *
		Paibian			Steptoean			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Marjumian	Albertian †	Cambrian 4	Ayusokkanian		497
						Ayusokkanian		Arcadian	498.4
									499.5
		Drumian				Zhanaarykian			500.5
		Drumian				Tuesaian			503
		Wuliuan	Topazan		Cambrian 3	Tuesaian			504.5
			Topazan						505.3
			Delamaran						506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Waucoban †				Branchian	509
						Toyonian			510 *
			Dyeran			Toyonian			511 *
						Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3			Cambrian 2				514
			Montezuman						514.8 *
						Atdabanian			515.6 *
								Placentian	517.1
			Begadean						519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Tommotian			521
		Stage 2							525.5
		Fortunian			Cambrian 1				529
											538.8