PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 125964 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Permian of the Pamirs	Ordovician of Britain				Permian of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan													0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene												0.129
		Calabrian	Early Pleistocene												0.774
		Gelasian	Early Pleistocene												1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene												2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean	Early Pliocene												3.6
	Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene												5.333
		Tortonian	Late Miocene												7.246
		Serravallian	Middle Miocene												11.63
		Langhian	Middle Miocene												13.82
		Burdigalian	Early Miocene												15.98
		Aquitanian	Early Miocene												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene												23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Early Oligocene												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene												33.9
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene												37.71
		Lutetian	Middle Eocene												41.2
		Ypresian	Early Eocene												47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene												56
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene												59.2
		Danian	Early Paleocene												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
		Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Pliensbachian													184.2
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian													208.5
		Carnian													227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Vokhmian											247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		Vokhmian											251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							Dorashamian					Meishanian	251.902
		Changhsingian							Dorashamian					Baoqingian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian		Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian					Dzhulfian					Laoshanian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian					Dzhulfian					Laibinian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian					Midian					Lengwuan	259.51
		Wordian		Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian					Midian					Kuhfengian	264.28
		Wordian		Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian					Murgabian						266.2 *
		Roadian		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian					Murgabian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							Kubergandian					Luodianian	273.01
		Kungurian							Bolorian						279.8
		Artinskian			283.5
					Longlinian	285.4 *
						Yakhtashian	286
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian			Asselian	Zisongian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Zisongian	298.9
		Gzhelian					300.1
		Kasimovian					303.7
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Kosovian				Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian	Kralodvorian					Bohdalec †	Rawtheyan	445.2
									Cautleyan	448.9 *
									Pusgillian	449.3 *
							Caradoc		Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
			Berounian						Streffordian		449.7 *
									Cheneyan		451.5 *
									Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian									453
										Actonian †	453.2 *
										Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
										Longvillian †		455.2 *
												Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
									Aurelucian					456.8 *
										Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
								Liben †		Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					458.4
			Dobrotivian											458.5 *
			Oretanian											459.7 *
									Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					461.3 *
								Sarka †						461.7 *
		Dapingian						Klabava †						467.3
			Arenigian											468
							Arenig		Fennian					468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Fennian					470
									Whitlandian					471.1 *
									Moridunian					474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadocian					Tremadoc	Migneintian					477.7
								Tremadoc	Cressagian					480.8 *
														485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10												485.4
		Jiangshanian												489.5
		Paibian												494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian												497
		Guzhangian		Arcadian										498.4
		Drumian												500.5
		Wuliuan												504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Branchian										509
		Stage 3		Branchian										514
		Stage 3		Placentian										517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian			529
															538.8