PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 125964 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	Carboniferous of China	Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Devonian Subages	Cretaceous Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							0
		Northgrippian							0.0042
		Greenlandian							0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Tarantian				0.0117
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene		Ionian				0.129
		Calabrian	Early Pleistocene						0.774
		Gelasian	Early Pleistocene						1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene						2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean	Early Pliocene						3.6
	Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene						5.333
		Tortonian	Late Miocene						7.246
		Serravallian	Middle Miocene						11.63
		Langhian	Middle Miocene						13.82
		Burdigalian	Early Miocene						15.98
		Aquitanian	Early Miocene						20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene						23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Early Oligocene						27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene						33.9
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene						37.71
		Lutetian	Middle Eocene						41.2
		Ypresian	Early Eocene						47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene						56
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene						59.2
		Danian	Early Paleocene						61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Senonian	66
		Campanian							72.1
		Santonian							83.6
		Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian							89.8
		Cenomanian							93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						Gallic	100.5
		Aptian							113
		Barremian							121.4
		Hauterivian						Neocomian	125.77
		Valanginian							132.6
		Berriasian							139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							145
		Kimmeridgian							149.2
		Oxfordian							154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
		Bathonian							165.3
		Bajocian							168.2
		Aalenian							170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian							174.7
		Pliensbachian							184.2
		Sinemurian							192.9
		Hettangian							199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							201.4
		Norian							208.5
		Carnian							227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian							237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian							242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian							247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan							251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							259.51
		Wordian							264.28
		Roadian							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							273.01
		Artinskian							283.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian							293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
		Gzhelian		Xiaodushanian		300 *
		Kasimovian		Xiaodushanian		303.7
		Kasimovian		Dalaun		305.8 *
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
				Huashibanian	318.5 *
				Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian		Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean		Shangsian	330.9
		Visean		Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian		Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Late Famennian	358.9
					Middle Famennian	365.3 *
					Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian			Late Frasnian	372.2
					Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
					Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Srbsko	Late Givetian	382.7
						Middle Givetian	383.7 *
						Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian			Chotec	Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian			Chotec	Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Daleje/Zlichovian	Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian	Early Emsian		Daleje/Zlichovian	398.3 *
		Pragian	Pragian		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	Lochkovian		Late Lochkovian	410.8
					Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
					Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
		Katian				445.2
		Sandbian				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				485.4
		Jiangshanian				489.5
		Paibian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				497
		Guzhangian				Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian					500.5
		Wuliuan					504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Branchian	509
		Stage 3				Branchian	514
		Stage 3				Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian					529
									538.8