PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126142 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	Devonian of Eastern North America		Cambrian of North America		Ordovician of the Baltic				Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Ordovician of Britain				Permian of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan																0
		Northgrippian																0.0042
		Greenlandian																0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															0.0117
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene															0.129
		Calabrian	Early Pleistocene															0.774
		Gelasian	Early Pleistocene															1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene															2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean	Early Pliocene															3.6
	Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene															5.333
		Tortonian	Late Miocene															7.246
		Serravallian	Middle Miocene															11.63
		Langhian	Middle Miocene															13.82
		Burdigalian	Early Miocene															15.98
		Aquitanian	Early Miocene															20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene															23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Early Oligocene															27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene															33.9
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene															37.71
		Lutetian	Middle Eocene															41.2
		Ypresian	Early Eocene															47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene															56
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene															59.2
		Danian	Early Paleocene															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										Lancian/Edmontonian						66
		Campanian										Judithian/Aquilan						72.1
		Santonian																83.6
		Coniacian																86.3
		Turonian																89.8
		Cenomanian																93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
		Aptian																113
		Barremian																121.4
		Hauterivian																125.77
		Valanginian																132.6
		Berriasian																139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																145
		Kimmeridgian																149.2
		Oxfordian																154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
		Bathonian																165.3
		Bajocian																168.2
		Aalenian																170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
		Pliensbachian																184.2
		Sinemurian																192.9
		Hettangian																199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																201.4
		Norian																208.5
		Carnian																227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian															Meishanian	251.902
		Changhsingian															Baoqingian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian															Laoshanian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian															Laibinian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian															Lengwuan	259.51
		Wordian															Kuhfengian	264.28
		Roadian															Kuhfengian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian															Luodianian	273.01
		Artinskian															Luodianian	283.5
		Artinskian															Longlinian	285.4 *
		Sakmarian		290.1													Longlinian
		Asselian		Zisongian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Zisongian	298.9
		Gzhelian			300.1
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Harju				Porkuni	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian					Pirgu		Rawtheyan	445.2
									Cautleyan	448.9 *
									Pusgillian	449.3 *
							Vormsi	Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
							Nabala				Johvi †	450 *
			Viru				Rakvere					450.6 *
							Rakvere		Cheneyan			451.5 *
							Oandu		Cheneyan			452 *
							Oandu		Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian					Keila				Idavere †	453
							Keila			Actonian †		453.2 *
							Haljala			Actonian †		453.9
										Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
										Longvillian †			455.2 *
							Kukruse						456.4 *
									Aurelucian				456.8 *
										Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian			457.4 *
							Uhaku			Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian	Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Uhaku	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				458.4
							Lasnamagi						458.9 *
							Aseri						460.4 *
							Aseri		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				461.3 *
			Oeland				Kunda						462.9 *
							Kunda				Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
							Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian												467.3
								Arenig	Fennian					468.4 *
							Billingen							469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian												470
											Latorp †			470.1 *
									Whitlandian					471.1 *
							Hunneberg		Whitlandian					473.7 *
									Moridunian					474.3 *
		Tremadocian						Tremadoc	Migneintian					477.7
									Cressagian					480.8 *
							Varangu							481.3 *
							Pakerort							482.2 *
														485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan				485.4
															486.3 *
															486.5
				Sunwaptan											487.5
		Jiangshanian		Sunwaptan											489.5
		Jiangshanian		Steptoean											493 *
		Paibian		Steptoean											494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Marjumian							Albertian †				497
		Guzhangian													Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian														500.5
		Wuliuan		Topazan												504.5
		Wuliuan		Delamaran												506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Delamaran							Waucoban †				Branchian	509
		Stage 4		Dyeran												511 *
		Stage 3		Dyeran												514
				Montezuman	514.8 *
				Montezuman	Placentian										517.1
				Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian				529
																		538.8