PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 125932 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Cambrian of West Avalonia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				0
		Northgrippian				0.0042
		Greenlandian				0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			0.0117
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene			0.129
		Calabrian	Early Pleistocene			0.774
		Gelasian	Early Pleistocene			1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean	Early Pliocene			3.6
	Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene			5.333
		Tortonian	Late Miocene			7.246
		Serravallian	Middle Miocene			11.63
		Langhian	Middle Miocene			13.82
		Burdigalian	Early Miocene			15.98
		Aquitanian	Early Miocene			20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Early Oligocene			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene			33.9
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene			37.71
		Lutetian	Middle Eocene			41.2
		Ypresian	Early Eocene			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene			56
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene			59.2
		Danian	Early Paleocene			61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				66
		Campanian				72.1
		Santonian				83.6
		Coniacian				86.3
		Turonian				89.8
		Cenomanian				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				100.5
		Aptian				113
		Barremian				121.4
		Hauterivian				125.77
		Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
		Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				168.2
		Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
		Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
		Norian				208.5
		Carnian				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian		303.7
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
		Katian		445.2
		Sandbian		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ungurian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Batyrbaian	485.4
		Jiangshanian	Batyrbaian	489.5
			Aksaian	490.7 *
			Sakian	492.2 *
		Paibian	Sakian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian	497
			Ayusokkanian	Arcadian	498.4
					499.5
		Drumian	Zhanaarykian		500.5
		Drumian	Tuesaian		503
		Wuliuan	Tuesaian		504.5
		Wuliuan			505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4		Branchian	509
			Toyonian		510 *
			Botomian		512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian		514
			Atdabanian		515.6 *
			Atdabanian	Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian		521
		Stage 2			525.5
		Fortunian			529
						538.8