PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 125984 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian Epochs	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Permian of the Pamirs	Ordovician of Britain				Permian of China	Cambrian of West Avalonia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan														0
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene													0.129
		Calabrian	Early Pleistocene													0.774
		Gelasian	Early Pleistocene													1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene													2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean	Early Pliocene													3.6
	Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene													5.333
		Tortonian	Late Miocene													7.246
		Serravallian	Middle Miocene													11.63
		Langhian	Middle Miocene													13.82
		Burdigalian	Early Miocene													15.98
		Aquitanian	Early Miocene													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene													23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Early Oligocene													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene													33.9
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene													37.71
		Lutetian	Middle Eocene													41.2
		Ypresian	Early Eocene													47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene													56
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene													59.2
		Danian	Early Paleocene													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
		Kimmeridgian														149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Pliensbachian														184.2
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
		Norian														208.5
		Carnian														227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							Dorashamian					Meishanian		251.902
		Changhsingian							Dorashamian					Baoqingian		253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian							Dzhulfian					Laoshanian		254.14
		Wuchiapingian							Dzhulfian					Laibinian		257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							Midian					Lengwuan		259.51
		Wordian							Midian					Kuhfengian		264.28
		Wordian							Murgabian							266.2 *
		Roadian							Murgabian							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							Kubergandian					Luodianian		273.01
		Kungurian							Bolorian							279.8
		Artinskian		283.5
				Longlinian	285.4 *
					Yakhtashian	286
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian		Asselian	Zisongian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Zisongian	298.9
		Gzhelian				300.1
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Kosovian			Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian	Kralodvorian				Bohdalec †	Rawtheyan	445.2
								Cautleyan	448.9 *
								Pusgillian	449.3 *
						Caradoc		Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
			Berounian					Streffordian		449.7 *
								Cheneyan		451.5 *
								Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian								453
									Actonian †	453.2 *
									Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
									Longvillian †		455.2 *
											Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
								Aurelucian					456.8 *
									Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
							Liben †		Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					458.4
			Dobrotivian										458.5 *
			Oretanian										459.7 *
								Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					461.3 *
							Sarka †						461.7 *
		Dapingian					Klabava †						467.3
			Arenigian										468
						Arenig		Fennian					468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Fennian					470
								Whitlandian					471.1 *
								Moridunian					474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadocian				Tremadoc	Migneintian					477.7
							Tremadoc	Cressagian					480.8 *
													485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Late Cambrian											485.4
		Jiangshanian												489.5
		Paibian												494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Middle Cambrian											497
		Guzhangian												Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian													500.5
		Wuliuan													504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Early Cambrian											Branchian	509
		Stage 3												Branchian	514
		Stage 3												Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2													521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian		529
																538.8