PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126108 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Carboniferous of Western Europe		Devonian of Eastern North America		Ordovician of North America						Carboniferous of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan														0
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
		Chibanian														0.129
		Calabrian														0.774
		Gelasian														1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian														2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean														3.6
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
		Serravallian														11.63
		Langhian														13.82
		Burdigalian														15.98
		Aquitanian														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
		Bartonian														37.71
		Lutetian														41.2
		Ypresian														47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian														56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan												145
		Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan												149.2
			Kawhia	Ohauan												150
				Heterian												154.5
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Callovian		Temaikan												164.3
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan												176
		Pliensbachian		Ururoan												184.2
		Pliensbachian		Aratauran												188.9
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian												201.4
		Norian		Warepan												208.5
				Otamitan												217
				Oretian												221
		Carnian		Oretian												227
		Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan												227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan												237
		Ladinian		Etalian												238
		Anisian		Etalian												242
		Anisian		Malakovian												246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian												247.2
		Olenekian		Nelsonian												249
		Induan		Nelsonian	251.2
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	Melekhovian	251.902
		Changhsingian		Waiitian		253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian		254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan		254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian		Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian				Wordian	264.28
					Noginskian		264.9 *
				Barettian			266
		Roadian				Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
				Mangapirian				276
					Pavlovoposadian			276.8 *
							Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian						283.5
				Telfordian				285
						Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
					Rusavkinian			287.6 *
								288.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian					Bursumian †	Nealian	293.52
		Asselian					Bursumian †	Nealian	Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Virgilian			Kuzel	298.9
									Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
										Stephanian B	300.9 *
										Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian			Missourian	Dorogomilovian					303.7
						Khamovnikian					304.8
						Khamovnikian				Cantabrian	305 *
						Krevyakinian					305.8 *
					Desmoinesian	Krevyakinian					305.9 *
		Moscovian				Myachkovian					307
						Myachkovian			Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
						Podolskian				Westphalian D	308.9 *
						Podolskian				Westphalian C	309.8
						Kashirian					311.4 *
					Atokan	Kashirian					312.7 *
						Vereian					313.8
						Vereian				Westphalian B	314.6
						Melekessian					314.8
		Bashkirian				Melekessian					315.2
						Cheremshanian					316.9 *
										Westphalian A	317 *
					Morrowan						318.4 *
						Prikamian					318.6 *
						Prikamian			Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
						Severokeltmian				Yeadonian	319.9 *
						Severokeltmian				Marsdenian	320.2 *
						Krasnopolyanian				Marsdenian	321.2 *
						Krasnopolyanian				Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
						Voznesenian				Kinderscoutian	321.9 *
										Alportian	322 *
										Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Chesterian	Zapaltjubian				Chokierian	323.2
						Zapaltjubian				Arnsbergian	324 *
						Protvian					324.4 *
						Steshevian					326.8 *
						Steshevian				Pendleian	327.4 *
						Tarusian				Pendleian	329 *
		Visean				Warnantian			Brigantian †	Venevian	330.9
										Mikhailovian	331.9 *
										Aleksinian	333.7 *
					Meramecian					Tulian	335.8 *
						Livian			Asbian †	Tulian	336.3 *
						Livian			Asbian †	Bobrikian	339.9 *
						Moliniacian			Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		340.2 *
					Osagean						343.1 *
										Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian				Ivorian				Kosvian	346.7
										Kizelian	350.7 *
					Kinderhookian					Cherepetian	351.9 *
						Hastarian				Cherepetian	353.7 *
										Karakubian	354.4 *
										Upinian	356.3 *
										Malevkian	357.6 *
										Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				West Fallsian/Sonyean						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan						Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Southwoodian						Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Sawkillian/Deer Parkian						Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian											407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Cincinnatian			Gamachian	443.8
		Katian					Gamachian	445.2
							Richmondian	446 *
							Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian				449.8 *
							Edenian					450.4 *
				Mohawkian			Chatfieldian					451.1 *
		Sandbian					Chatfieldian					453
							Turinian					453.7 *
				Whiterockian				Canadian †				Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian											458.4
		Dapingian											467.3
		Dapingian					Rangerian						469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Ibexian			Blackhillsian					Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian					Tulean							473.9 *
		Tremadocian					Tulean							477.7
							Stairsian							480.3 *
							Skullrockian						Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Skullrockian							485.4
		Stage 10												487.5
		Jiangshanian												489.5
		Paibian												494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian												497
		Guzhangian												Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian													500.5
		Wuliuan													504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4												Branchian	509
		Stage 3												Branchian	514
		Stage 3												Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2													521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian													529
																538.8