PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126137 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Devonian of France	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	South American Land Mammal Ages		Cambrian of Britain		Carboniferous of Western Europe		Permian of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan												0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Lujanian							0.0117
		Chibanian					Lujanian							0.129
		Chibanian					Ensenadan							0.3 *
		Calabrian					Ensenadan							0.774
		Calabrian					Sanandresian	Uquian †						1.7 *
		Gelasian					Sanandresian							1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Vorohuean							2.58
		Piacenzian					Chapadmalalan							2.9 *
		Zanclean					Chapadmalalan							3.6
							Montehermosan							3.7 *
							Huayquerian							4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
							Chasicoan							7.9 *
							Mayoan							9.9 *
							Laventan							10.9 *
		Serravallian					Laventan							11.63
		Serravallian					Colloncuran							13.7 *
		Langhian					Colloncuran							13.82
		Langhian					Friasian							15.4 *
		Burdigalian					Friasian							15.98
							Santacrucian							16.2 *
							Colhuehuapian							17.4 *
		Aquitanian					Colhuehuapian							20.44
		Aquitanian					Deseadan							20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
		Rupelian												27.82
		Rupelian					Tinguirirican							28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian					Tinguirirican							33.9
		Priabonian					Divisaderan							35.9 *
		Bartonian												37.71
		Lutetian												41.2
		Lutetian					Mustersan							41.9 *
		Ypresian					Mustersan							47.8
		Ypresian					Casamayoran							47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Riochican							56
							Itaboraian							56.9 *
							Peligran							58.9 *
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
		Danian					Tiupampan							62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan										145
		Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan										149.2
			Kawhia	Ohauan										150
				Heterian										154.5
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Callovian		Temaikan										164.3
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian			168.2
		Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
		Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan	176
		Pliensbachian		Ururoan	184.2
		Pliensbachian		Aratauran	188.9
		Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian	201.4
		Norian		Warepan	208.5
				Otamitan	217
				Oretian	221
		Carnian		Oretian	227
		Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan	227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan	237
		Ladinian		Etalian	238
		Anisian		Etalian	242
		Anisian		Malakovian	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian	247.2
		Olenekian		Nelsonian	249
		Induan		Nelsonian	251.2
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	Meishanian	251.902
				Waiitian	Meishanian	253.2
					Baoqingian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian			Laoshanian	254.14
				Puruhauan	Laoshanian	254.2
				Puruhauan	Laibinian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian	Lengwuan	259.51
		Wordian		Flettian	Kuhfengian	264.28
		Wordian		Barettian		266
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Luodianian	273.01
		Kungurian		Mangapirian		276
		Artinskian		Mangapirian		283.5
				Telfordian		285
				Telfordian	Longlinian	285.4 *
						288.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian			Zisongian	293.52
		Asselian				Kuzel		297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Mapingian †	298.9
									300.1
						Stephanian			Stephanian C	300.3 *
							Stephanian B		300.9 *
							Stephanian A		301.4 *
		Kasimovian					Stephanian A		303.7
							Cantabrian		305 *
									305.9
		Moscovian							307
						Westphalian	Westphalian D		307.4 *
							Westphalian C		309.8
							Westphalian B		314.6
		Bashkirian					Westphalian B		315.2
							Westphalian A		317 *
						Namurian	Yeadonian		318.8 *
							Marsdenian		320.2 *
							Kinderscoutian		321.5 *
							Alportian		322 *
							Chokierian		323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Chokierian		323.2
							Arnsbergian		324 *
							Pendleian		327.4 *
		Visean				Warnantian	Brigantian †		330.9
						Livian	Asbian †		336.3 *
						Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		340.2 *
		Tournaisian				Ivorian			346.7
		Tournaisian				Hastarian			353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Couvinien				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								393.3
		Pragian								407.6
		Pragian				Coblencien				408.2 *
		Lochkovian				Gedinnine				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								443.8
		Katian								445.2
		Sandbian								453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian								467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian								470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian								477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
		Stage 10									Festiniogian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian									Festiniogian	489.5
		Jiangshanian									Maentwrogian	493.1 *
		Paibian									Maentwrogian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								St Davids		497
		Guzhangian										Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian											500.5
		Wuliuan											504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								Caerfai		Branchian	509
		Stage 3	514									Branchian
		Stage 3	Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian		529
														538.8