PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126186 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian Subages	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Ordovician of North America					Devonian of Eastern North America		Cretaceous Subepochs	Permian of the Salt Range	Ammonite Chrons of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan																0
		Northgrippian																0.0042
		Greenlandian																0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																0.0117
		Chibanian																0.129
		Calabrian																0.774
		Gelasian																1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																5.333
		Tortonian																7.246
		Serravallian																11.63
		Langhian																13.82
		Burdigalian																15.98
		Aquitanian																20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																33.9
		Bartonian																37.71
		Lutetian																41.2
		Ypresian																47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																56
		Selandian																59.2
		Danian																61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											Senonian					66
		Campanian																72.1
		Santonian																83.6
		Coniacian																86.3
		Turonian																89.8
		Cenomanian																93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											Gallic					100.5
		Aptian																113
		Barremian																121.4
		Hauterivian											Neocomian					125.77
		Valanginian																132.6
		Berriasian																139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																145
		Kimmeridgian																149.2
		Oxfordian																154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
		Bathonian																165.3
		Bajocian													Epizigzagiceras			168.2
		Bajocian													Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense			168.4
		Aalenian													Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta			174.7
															Planulata			179.3 *
															Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
															Kanense			181.3 *
															Carlottense			182.3 *
															Kunae			183.5 *
		Pliensbachian													Kunae			184.2
															Freboldi			185.1 *
															Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras		186.2 *
																Tetraspidoceras		189.2 *
															Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis		190.3 *
		Sinemurian																192.9
															Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras	196.4 *
															Franziceras/Euphyllites			196.5 *
		Hettangian													Franziceras/Euphyllites			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																201.4
		Norian																208.5
		Carnian																227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Induan	251.2
		Induan	Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Kathwai	Meishanian	251.902
					252.4 *
			Chhidru		252.9 *
				Baoqingian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian		Laoshanian	254.14
			Kalabagh		255 *
			Wargal		256 *
				Laibinian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Lengwuan	259.51
		Wordian		Kuhfengian	264.28
					265.3 *
			Amb		266.1 *
		Roadian	Amb		266.9
		Roadian			270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Luodianian	273.01
		Artinskian		Luodianian	283.5
		Artinskian		Longlinian	285.4 *
		Sakmarian		Longlinian	290.1
		Asselian		Zisongian	293.52
		Asselian			Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
							300.1
					Stephanian		Stephanian C	300.3 *
							Stephanian B	300.9 *
							Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian					Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian					Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian				Middle Pennsylvanian	Cantabrian	307
					Westphalian		Westphalian D	307.4 *
							Westphalian C	309.8
							Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian				Early Pennsylvanian	Westphalian B	315.2
							Westphalian A	317 *
					Namurian		Yeadonian	318.8 *
							Marsdenian	320.2 *
							Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
							Alportian	322 *
							Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Late Mississippian	Chokierian	323.2
							Arnsbergian	324 *
							Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean			Warnantian	Brigantian †	Middle Mississippian	330.9
					Livian	Asbian †		336.3 *
					Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		340.2 *
		Tournaisian			Ivorian		Early Mississippian	346.7
		Tournaisian			Hastarian		Early Mississippian	353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Late Famennian			Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
					Middle Famennian				365.3 *
					Early Famennian				368.5 *
		Frasnian			Late Frasnian			West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
					Middle Frasnian				375.4 *
					Early Frasnian				379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Late Givetian			Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
					Middle Givetian					383.7 *
					Early Givetian					385.9 *
		Eifelian			Late Eifelian			Southwoodian		387.7
		Eifelian			Early Eifelian			Southwoodian		390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Late Emsian			Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
		Emsian			Early Emsian			Sawkillian/Deer Parkian		398.3 *
		Pragian			Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian			Late Lochkovian					410.8
					Middle Lochkovian					412.8 *
					Early Lochkovian					415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian									Gamachian	445.2
											Richmondian	446 *
											Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
											Edenian		450.4 *
										Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
		Sandbian	453								Chatfieldian
			Turinian								453.7 *
			Whiterockian								Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian											458.4
		Dapingian											467.3
		Dapingian								Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian							Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian								Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian		477.7						Tulean
				Stairsian						480.3 *
				Skullrockian						Demingian †			482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Skullrockian									485.4
		Stage 10											487.5
		Jiangshanian											489.5
		Paibian											494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian											497
		Guzhangian											Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian												500.5
		Wuliuan												504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4											Branchian	509
		Stage 3											Branchian	514
		Stage 3											Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
																		538.8