PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 125964 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian Subages	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Wanganui	Haweran					0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Late Pleistocene							0.0117
		Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene							0.129
		Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene		Castlecliffian					0.34
		Calabrian		Early Pleistocene		Castlecliffian					0.774
		Calabrian				Nukumaruan					1.63
		Gelasian				Nukumaruan					1.8
		Gelasian				Mangapanian					2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Late Pliocene		Mangapanian					2.58
		Piacenzian		Late Pliocene		Waipipian					3
		Zanclean		Early Pliocene		Waipipian					3.6
		Zanclean		Early Pliocene		Opoitian					3.7
	Miocene	Messinian		Late Miocene	Taranaki	Kapitean					5.333
		Messinian				Tongaporutuan					7.2
		Tortonian				Tongaporutuan					7.246
		Tortonian			Southland	Waiauan					11.04
		Serravallian		Middle Miocene		Waiauan					11.63
		Serravallian				Lillburnian					13.05
		Langhian				Lillburnian					13.82
						Clifdenian					15.1
					Pareora	Altonian					15.9
		Burdigalian		Early Miocene		Altonian					15.98
		Burdigalian				Otaian					18.7
		Aquitanian				Otaian					20.44
		Aquitanian			Landon	Waitakian					21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Late Oligocene		Waitakian					23.03
						Duntroonian					25.2
						Whaingaroan					27.3
		Rupelian		Early Oligocene							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian		Late Eocene							33.9
					Arnold	Runangan					34.6
						Kaiatan					36.7
		Bartonian		Middle Eocene		Kaiatan					37.71
		Bartonian				Bortonian					39.1
		Lutetian				Bortonian					41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
						Heretaungan					45.7
		Ypresian		Early Eocene		Heretaungan					47.8
						Mangaorapan					48.9
						Waipawan					52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Late Paleocene		Teurian					56
		Selandian		Middle Paleocene							59.2
		Danian		Early Paleocene							61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Mata	Haumurian	Lancian/Edmontonian				66
		Campanian				Haumurian	Judithian/Aquilan				72.1
		Santonian				Piripauan					83.6
		Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan					86.1
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
						Mangaotanean					90.5
						Arowhanan					93.7
		Cenomanian				Arowhanan					93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian					95.2
						Motuan					99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Motuan					100.5
						Urutawan					103.3
					Taitai	Korangan					108.4
		Aptian				Korangan					113
		Aptian									117.5
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
		Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian			168.2
		Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
		Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
		Norian			208.5
		Carnian			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Meishanian			251.902
		Changhsingian			Baoqingian			253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian			Laoshanian			254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Laibinian			257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Lengwuan			259.51
		Wordian			Kuhfengian			264.28
		Roadian			Kuhfengian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Luodianian			273.01
		Artinskian			Luodianian			283.5
		Artinskian			Longlinian			285.4 *
		Sakmarian			Longlinian			290.1
		Asselian			Zisongian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Zisongian			298.9
		Gzhelian						300.1
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean						330.9
		Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Late Famennian	358.9
								Middle Famennian	365.3 *
								Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian						Late Frasnian	372.2
								Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
								Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Late Givetian				382.7
				Middle Givetian				383.7 *
				Early Givetian			385.9 *
		Eifelian		Late Eifelian			387.7
		Eifelian		Early Eifelian			390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Late Emsian			393.3
		Emsian		Early Emsian			398.3 *
		Pragian		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian		Late Lochkovian			410.8
				Middle Lochkovian			412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian			415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian	Rawtheyan				445.2
			Cautleyan				448.9 *
			Pusgillian				449.3 *
			Caradoc			Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
						Cheneyan		451.5 *
						Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian						453
							Actonian †	453.2 *
							Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
							Longvillian †		455.2 *
						Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
						Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn			Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
		Dapingian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
		Dapingian	Arenig			Fennian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Fennian			470
						Whitlandian			471.1 *
						Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc			Migneintian			477.7
			Tremadoc			Cressagian			480.8 *
									485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							485.4
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							497
		Guzhangian							Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan								504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4							Branchian	509
		Stage 3							Branchian	514
		Stage 3			Placentian				517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
											538.8