PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 125964 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			European Faunal Units	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Ordovician of Australia	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of Kazakhstan
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan									0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Late Pleistocene		0.0117
		Chibanian							Middle Pleistocene		0.129
		Calabrian							Early Pleistocene		0.774
		Gelasian							Early Pleistocene		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Villanyian						Late Pliocene		2.58
		Piacenzian	Ruscinian						Late Pliocene		3.1 *
		Zanclean	Ruscinian						Early Pliocene		3.6
	Miocene	Messinian	Turolian						Late Miocene		5.333
		Tortonian	Turolian								7.246
		Tortonian	Vallesian								8.7
		Serravallian	Astaracian						Middle Miocene		11.63
		Langhian	Astaracian						Middle Miocene		13.82
		Burdigalian	Orleanian						Early Miocene		15.98
		Burdigalian	Agenian								20
		Aquitanian	Agenian								20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Late Oligocene		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian							Early Oligocene		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian							Late Eocene		33.9
		Bartonian							Middle Eocene		37.71
		Lutetian							Middle Eocene		41.2
		Ypresian							Early Eocene		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian							Late Paleocene		56
		Selandian							Middle Paleocene		59.2
		Danian							Early Paleocene		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
		Campanian									72.1
		Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
		Aptian									113
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
		Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian									168.2
		Aalenian									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
		Pliensbachian									184.2
		Sinemurian									192.9
		Hettangian									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
		Norian									208.5
		Carnian									227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian									247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan									251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian									254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									259.51
		Wordian									264.28
		Roadian									266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian									273.01
		Artinskian									283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
		Kasimovian		303.7
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Kosovian	Bolindian	443.8
		Katian	Kralodvorian	Bolindian	Bohdalec †	445.2
			Kralodvorian	Eastonian		449 *
			Berounian	Eastonian		449.7 *
				Gisbornian		452 *
		Sandbian				453
						Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
					Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian				458.4
			Dobrotivian					458.5 *
			Oretanian					459.7 *
					Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian		Klabava †	Yapeenian			467.3
			Arenigian		Yapeenian			468
					Castlemainian			468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Chewtonian			470
					Bendigonian			471.8 *
					Lancefieldian			473.5 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadocian		Lancefieldian			Ungurian	477.7
		Tremadocian	Tremadocian		Warendian			Ungurian	482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Batyrbaian	485.4
		Jiangshanian						Batyrbaian	489.5
								Aksaian	490.7 *
								Sakian	492.2 *
		Paibian						Sakian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Ayusokkanian	497
								Ayusokkanian	Arcadian	498.4
										499.5
		Drumian						Zhanaarykian		500.5
		Drumian						Tuesaian		503
		Wuliuan						Tuesaian		504.5
		Wuliuan								505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4							Branchian	509
								Toyonian		510 *
								Botomian		512.5 *
		Stage 3						Botomian		514
								Atdabanian		515.6 *
								Atdabanian	Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Tommotian		521
		Stage 2								525.5
		Fortunian								529
											538.8