PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126137 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Carboniferous of North America	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Permian of the Pamirs	Ordovician of Britain				Permian of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan															0
		Northgrippian															0.0042
		Greenlandian															0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															0.0117
		Chibanian															0.129
		Calabrian															0.774
		Gelasian															1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian															2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean															3.6
	Miocene	Messinian															5.333
		Tortonian															7.246
		Serravallian															11.63
		Langhian															13.82
		Burdigalian															15.98
		Aquitanian															20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian													23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian														33.9
		Bartonian	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan														37.71
		Lutetian															41.2
		Ypresian		Bumbanian													47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Gashatan														56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Lancian/Edmontonian											66
		Campanian				Judithian/Aquilan											72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
		Kimmeridgian															149.2
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian															168.2
		Aalenian															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Pliensbachian															184.2
		Sinemurian															192.9
		Hettangian															199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
		Norian															208.5
		Carnian															227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan															251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									Dorashamian					Meishanian	251.902
		Changhsingian									Dorashamian					Baoqingian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian									Dzhulfian					Laoshanian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian									Dzhulfian					Laibinian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									Midian					Lengwuan	259.51
		Wordian									Midian					Kuhfengian	264.28
		Wordian									Murgabian						266.2 *
		Roadian									Murgabian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian									Kubergandian					Luodianian	273.01
		Kungurian									Bolorian						279.8
		Artinskian			283.5
					Longlinian		285.4 *
							Yakhtashian	286
		Sakmarian					Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian			Bursumian †		Asselian	Zisongian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Virgilian			Zisongian	298.9
		Gzhelian			Virgilian				300.1
		Kasimovian			Missourian				303.7
		Kasimovian			Desmoinesian				305.9 *
		Moscovian			Desmoinesian				307
		Moscovian			Atokan				312.7 *
		Bashkirian			Atokan				315.2
		Bashkirian			Morrowan				318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Chesterian				323.2
		Visean			Chesterian				330.9
					Meramecian				335.8 *
					Osagean				343.1 *
		Tournaisian			Osagean				346.7
		Tournaisian			Kinderhookian				351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Kosovian	Ashgill		Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian	Kralodvorian			Bohdalec †			Rawtheyan	445.2
									Cautleyan	448.9 *
									Pusgillian	449.3 *
				Caradoc					Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
			Berounian						Streffordian		449.7 *
									Cheneyan		451.5 *
									Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian									453
										Actonian †	453.2 *
										Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
										Longvillian †		455.2 *
												Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
									Aurelucian					456.8 *
										Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
						Liben †				Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Llanvirn					Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					458.4
			Dobrotivian											458.5 *
			Oretanian											459.7 *
									Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					461.3 *
						Sarka †								461.7 *
		Dapingian				Klabava †								467.3
			Arenigian											468
				Arenig					Fennian					468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Fennian					470
									Whitlandian					471.1 *
									Moridunian					474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadocian			Tremadoc			Migneintian					477.7
						Tremadoc			Cressagian					480.8 *
														485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10												485.4
		Jiangshanian												489.5
		Paibian												494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian												497
		Guzhangian												Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian					500.5
		Wuliuan					504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Branchian	509
		Stage 3					Branchian	514
		Stage 3					Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
																	538.8