PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126142 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Mammal Paleogene Zones		Carboniferous of North America	Cenozoic Subepochs	Silurian of the Baltic	Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan										0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Late Pleistocene				0.0117
		Chibanian						Middle Pleistocene				0.129
		Calabrian						Early Pleistocene				0.774
		Gelasian						Early Pleistocene				1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Late Pliocene				2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean						Early Pliocene				3.6
	Miocene	Messinian						Late Miocene				5.333
		Tortonian						Late Miocene				7.246
		Serravallian						Middle Miocene				11.63
		Langhian						Middle Miocene				13.82
		Burdigalian						Early Miocene				15.98
		Aquitanian						Early Miocene				20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25		Late Oligocene				23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian	MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25		Early Oligocene				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A			Late Eocene				33.9
		Bartonian	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		MP 16			Middle Eocene				37.71
		Lutetian			MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11			Middle Eocene				41.2
		Ypresian		Bumbanian	MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7			Early Eocene				47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Gashatan		MP 6	MP 1 - 5		Late Paleocene				56
		Selandian						Middle Paleocene				59.2
		Danian						Early Paleocene				61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Pliensbachian										184.2
		Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian										208.5
		Carnian										227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									Meishanian	251.902
		Changhsingian									Baoqingian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian									Laoshanian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian									Laibinian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									Lengwuan	259.51
		Wordian									Kuhfengian	264.28
		Roadian									Kuhfengian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian									Luodianian	273.01
		Artinskian									Luodianian	283.5
		Artinskian									Longlinian	285.4 *
		Sakmarian					290.1				Longlinian
		Asselian					Bursumian †		Zisongian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Virgilian		Zisongian	Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Gzhelian					Virgilian				300.1
		Kasimovian					Missourian				303.7
		Kasimovian					Desmoinesian				305.9 *
		Moscovian					Desmoinesian			Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Moscovian					Atokan			Middle Pennsylvanian	312.7 *
		Bashkirian					Atokan			Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
		Bashkirian					Morrowan			Early Pennsylvanian	318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Chesterian			Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean					Chesterian			Middle Mississippian	330.9
							Meramecian				335.8 *
							Osagean				343.1 *
		Tournaisian					Osagean			Early Mississippian	346.7
		Tournaisian					Kinderhookian			Early Mississippian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian									358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian									372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian									382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian									387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian									393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli		Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian	Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian	Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian	Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian	Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani	433.4
		Telychian	Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian	Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian	Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian	Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian	Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
		Katian		445.2
		Sandbian		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		485.4
		Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		497
		Guzhangian		Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian			500.5
		Wuliuan			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Branchian	509
		Stage 3		Branchian	514
		Stage 3		Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian			529
												538.8