PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126133 collections

Show less time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			North American Land Mammal Ages	Silurian of North America			Cretaceous Subepochs	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Australia	Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Saintaugustinean					Wanganui	Haweran			0
		Meghalayan	Santarosean									0.0004
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Late Pleistocene	Rancholabrean								Late Pleistocene	0.014
		Chibanian	Rancholabrean								Middle Pleistocene	0.129
			Irvingtonian									0.21
									Castlecliffian			0.34
		Calabrian									Early Pleistocene	0.774
			Blancan									1.4
									Nukumaruan			1.63
		Gelasian							Nukumaruan			1.8
		Gelasian							Mangapanian			2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Mangapanian		Late Pliocene	2.58
		Piacenzian							Waipipian		Late Pliocene	3
		Zanclean							Waipipian		Early Pliocene	3.6
									Opoitian			3.7
			Hemphillian						Opoitian			4.7
	Miocene	Messinian						Taranaki	Kapitean		Late Miocene	5.333
		Messinian							Tongaporutuan			7.2
		Tortonian										7.246
			Clarendonian									9.4
								Southland	Waiauan			11.04
		Serravallian									Middle Miocene	11.63
			Barstovian									12.5
									Lillburnian			13.05
		Langhian							Lillburnian			13.82
									Clifdenian			15.1
								Pareora	Altonian			15.9
		Burdigalian									Early Miocene	15.98
			Hemingfordian									16.3
			Arikareean									18.5
									Otaian			18.7
		Aquitanian							Otaian			20.44
		Aquitanian						Landon	Waitakian			21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Waitakian		Late Oligocene	23.03
									Duntroonian			25.2
									Whaingaroan			27.3
		Rupelian									Early Oligocene	27.82
			Whitneyan									29.5
			Orellan									31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Chadronian								Late Eocene	33.9
								Arnold	Runangan			34.6
									Kaiatan			36.7
			Duchesnean									37
		Bartonian									Middle Eocene	37.71
									Bortonian			39.1
			Uintan									39.7
		Lutetian										41.2
								Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
									Heretaungan			45.7
			Bridgerian									46.2
		Ypresian									Early Eocene	47.8
									Mangaorapan			48.9
			Wasatchian						Mangaorapan			50.5
			Wasatchian						Waipawan			52
			Clarkforkian						Waipawan			54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Clarkforkian						Teurian		Late Paleocene	56
		Thanetian	Tiffanian								Late Paleocene	56.2
		Selandian	Tiffanian								Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Selandian	Torrejonian								Middle Paleocene	60.9
		Danian	Torrejonian								Early Paleocene	61.6
		Danian	Puercan								Early Paleocene	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Senonian	Mata	Haumurian		66
		Campanian				Haumurian		72.1
		Santonian				Piripauan		83.6
		Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
		Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian						89.8
						Mangaotanean		90.5
						Arowhanan		93.7
		Cenomanian				Arowhanan		93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
						Motuan		99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Gallic		Motuan		100.5
						Urutawan		103.3
					Taitai	Korangan		108.4
		Aptian				Korangan		113
		Aptian						117.5
		Barremian						121.4
		Hauterivian		Neocomian				125.77
		Valanginian						132.6
		Berriasian						139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						145
		Kimmeridgian						149.2
		Oxfordian						154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
		Bathonian						165.3
		Bajocian						168.2
		Aalenian						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						174.7
		Pliensbachian						184.2
		Sinemurian						192.9
		Hettangian						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
		Norian						208.5
		Carnian						227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian						242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan						251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						259.51
		Wordian						264.28
		Roadian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
		Artinskian						283.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean						330.9
		Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							Cayugan	419.2
	Pridoli							Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	Lockportian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Ontarian				433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
							Alexandrian		438.7 *
			Medinan					Clinton	440.1 *
									440.7 *
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Bolindian	443.8
		Katian							Bolindian	445.2
									Eastonian	449 *
									Gisbornian	452 *
		Sandbian							Gisbornian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Darriwilian	458.4
		Dapingian				Yapeenian			467.3
		Dapingian				Castlemainian			468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Chewtonian			470
						Bendigonian			471.8 *
						Lancefieldian			473.5 *
		Tremadocian		Ungurian	477.7	Lancefieldian
		Tremadocian		Ungurian	Warendian	482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Batyrbaian	485.4
		Jiangshanian			Batyrbaian	489.5
					Aksaian	490.7 *
					Sakian	492.2 *
		Paibian			Sakian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Ayusokkanian	497
					Ayusokkanian	Arcadian			498.4
									499.5
		Drumian			Zhanaarykian				500.5
		Drumian			Tuesaian				503
		Wuliuan			Tuesaian				504.5
		Wuliuan							505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4				Branchian			509
					Toyonian				510 *
					Botomian				512.5 *
		Stage 3			Botomian				514
					Atdabanian				515.6 *
					Atdabanian	Placentian			517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Tommotian				521
		Stage 2							525.5
		Fortunian							529
												538.8