PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126108 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			South American Land Mammal Ages		Silurian of the Baltic	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Australia	Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Wanganui	Haweran			0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Lujanian							Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Chibanian	Lujanian							Middle Pleistocene	0.129
			Ensenadan								0.3 *
								Castlecliffian			0.34
		Calabrian						Castlecliffian		Early Pleistocene	0.774
								Nukumaruan			1.63
			Sanandresian	Uquian †							1.7 *
		Gelasian									1.8
		Gelasian						Mangapanian			2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Vorohuean							Late Pliocene	2.58
			Chapadmalalan								2.9 *
								Waipipian			3
		Zanclean						Waipipian		Early Pliocene	3.6
			Montehermosan					Opoitian			3.7 *
			Huayquerian					Opoitian			4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian					Taranaki	Kapitean		Late Miocene	5.333
		Messinian						Tongaporutuan			7.2
		Tortonian									7.246
			Chasicoan								7.9 *
			Mayoan								9.9 *
			Laventan								10.9 *
							Southland	Waiauan			11.04
		Serravallian						Waiauan		Middle Miocene	11.63
								Lillburnian			13.05
			Colloncuran								13.7 *
		Langhian									13.82
								Clifdenian			15.1
			Friasian					Clifdenian			15.4 *
							Pareora	Altonian			15.9
		Burdigalian								Early Miocene	15.98
			Santacrucian								16.2 *
			Colhuehuapian								17.4 *
								Otaian			18.7
		Aquitanian									20.44
			Deseadan								20.9 *
							Landon	Waitakian			21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Waitakian		Late Oligocene	23.03
								Duntroonian			25.2
								Whaingaroan			27.3
		Rupelian								Early Oligocene	27.82
		Rupelian	Tinguirirican							Early Oligocene	28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian								Late Eocene	33.9
							Arnold	Runangan			34.6
			Divisaderan					Runangan			35.9 *
								Kaiatan			36.7
		Bartonian						Kaiatan		Middle Eocene	37.71
		Bartonian						Bortonian			39.1
		Lutetian									41.2
			Mustersan								41.9 *
							Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
								Heretaungan			45.7
		Ypresian								Early Eocene	47.8
			Casamayoran								47.9 *
								Mangaorapan			48.9
								Waipawan			52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Riochican					Teurian		Late Paleocene	56
			Itaboraian								56.9 *
			Peligran								58.9 *
		Selandian								Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Danian								Early Paleocene	61.6
		Danian	Tiupampan							Early Paleocene	62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Mata	Haumurian		66
		Campanian				Haumurian		72.1
		Santonian				Piripauan		83.6
		Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
		Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian						89.8
						Mangaotanean		90.5
						Arowhanan		93.7
		Cenomanian				Arowhanan		93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
						Motuan		99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Motuan		100.5
						Urutawan		103.3
				Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian			Korangan	113
		Aptian				117.5
		Barremian				121.4
		Hauterivian				125.77
		Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
		Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				168.2
		Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
		Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
		Norian				208.5
		Carnian				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Srbsko		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Chotec		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Daleje/Zlichovian		393.3
		Pragian				Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian				Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Ohesaare			419.2
	Pridoli					Kaugetuma			421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare			423
		Ludfordian	Paadla			423.4 *
		Gorstian	Paadla			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula			427.4
		Homerian	Jaagarahu			429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu			430.5
		Sheinwoodian	Jaani			431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani			433.4
		Telychian	Adavere			434 *
		Aeronian	Adavere			438.5
		Aeronian	Raikkula			439.4 *
		Rhuddanian	Raikkula			440.8
		Rhuddanian	Juuru			441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Bolindian	443.8
		Katian				Bolindian	445.2
						Eastonian	449 *
					Gisbornian	452 *
		Sandbian			Gisbornian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Darriwilian	458.4
		Dapingian			Yapeenian	467.3
		Dapingian			Castlemainian	468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Chewtonian	470
				Bendigonian	471.8 *
				Lancefieldian	473.5 *
		Tremadocian		Lancefieldian	Ungurian	477.7
		Tremadocian		Warendian	Ungurian	482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Batyrbaian	485.4
		Jiangshanian			Batyrbaian	489.5
					Aksaian	490.7 *
					Sakian	492.2 *
		Paibian			Sakian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Ayusokkanian	497
					Ayusokkanian	Arcadian	498.4
							499.5
		Drumian			Zhanaarykian		500.5
		Drumian			Tuesaian		503
		Wuliuan			Tuesaian		504.5
		Wuliuan					505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4				Branchian	509
					Toyonian		510 *
					Botomian		512.5 *
		Stage 3			Botomian		514
					Atdabanian		515.6 *
					Atdabanian	Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Tommotian		521
		Stage 2					525.5
		Fortunian					529
											538.8