PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 125964 collections

Show less time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cambrian Epochs	European Faunal Units	Permian of the Salt Range	Cretaceous Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Wanganui	Haweran					0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Chibanian										0.129
		Chibanian					Castlecliffian					0.34
		Calabrian					Castlecliffian					0.774
		Calabrian					Nukumaruan					1.63
		Gelasian					Nukumaruan					1.8
		Gelasian					Mangapanian					2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †				Mangapanian		Villanyian			2.58
							Waipipian		Villanyian			3
									Ruscinian			3.1 *
		Zanclean										3.6
		Zanclean					Opoitian					3.7
	Miocene	Messinian				Taranaki	Kapitean		Turolian			5.333
		Messinian					Tongaporutuan					7.2
		Tortonian										7.246
									Vallesian			8.7
						Southland	Waiauan		Vallesian			11.04
		Serravallian					Waiauan		Astaracian			11.63
		Serravallian					Lillburnian					13.05
		Langhian					Lillburnian					13.82
							Clifdenian					15.1
						Pareora	Altonian					15.9
		Burdigalian					Altonian		Orleanian			15.98
							Otaian		Orleanian			18.7
									Agenian			20
		Aquitanian										20.44
		Aquitanian				Landon	Waitakian					21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Waitakian					23.03
							Duntroonian					25.2
							Whaingaroan					27.3
		Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
						Arnold	Runangan					34.6
							Kaiatan					36.7
		Bartonian					Kaiatan					37.71
		Bartonian					Bortonian					39.1
		Lutetian					Bortonian					41.2
						Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
							Heretaungan					45.7
		Ypresian					Heretaungan					47.8
							Mangaorapan					48.9
							Waipawan					52
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Teurian					56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Mata	Haumurian				Senonian	66
		Campanian					Haumurian					72.1
		Santonian					Piripauan					83.6
		Santonian				Raukumara	Teratan					86.1
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
							Mangaotanean					90.5
							Arowhanan					93.7
		Cenomanian					Arowhanan					93.9
						Clarence	Ngaterian					95.2
							Motuan					99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Motuan				Gallic	100.5
							Urutawan					103.3
						Taitai	Korangan					108.4
		Aptian					Korangan					113
		Aptian										117.5
		Barremian		121.4
		Hauterivian		Neocomian	125.77
		Valanginian			132.6
		Berriasian			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
		Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				168.2
		Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
		Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
		Norian				208.5
		Carnian				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
		Induan				251.2
		Induan				Kathwai		251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Kathwai		251.902
								252.4 *
						Chhidru		252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian				Chhidru		Longtanian †		254.14
						Kalabagh				255 *
						Wargal				256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian								259.51
		Wordian							264.28
									265.3 *
						Amb			266.1 *
		Roadian				Amb			266.9
		Roadian							270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							273.01
		Artinskian							283.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian							293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
		Kasimovian							303.7
		Moscovian							307
		Bashkirian							315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							323.2
		Visean							330.9
		Tournaisian							346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian	445.2
		Sandbian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Late Cambrian	485.4
		Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †	Middle Cambrian	497
		Guzhangian			Arcadian		498.4
		Drumian					500.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Early Cambrian		Branchian	509
		Stage 3					Branchian	514
		Stage 3					Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
												538.8