PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 125984 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Permian of the Pamirs	Ordovician of Britain				Permian of China	Cambrian of West Avalonia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan														0
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
		Chibanian														0.129
		Calabrian														0.774
		Gelasian														1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †													2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean														3.6
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
		Serravallian														11.63
		Langhian														13.82
		Burdigalian														15.98
		Aquitanian														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
		Bartonian														37.71
		Lutetian														41.2
		Ypresian														47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian														56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Oteke	Puaroan									145
		Kimmeridgian				Oteke	Puaroan									149.2
						Kawhia	Ohauan									150
							Heterian									154.5
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Callovian					Temaikan									164.3
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Toarcian				Herangi	Ururoan									176
		Pliensbachian					Ururoan									184.2
		Pliensbachian					Aratauran									188.9
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Balfour	Otapirian									201.4
		Norian					Warepan									208.5
							Otamitan									217
							Oretian									221
		Carnian					Oretian									227
		Carnian				Gore	Kaihikuan									227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Kaihikuan									237
		Ladinian					Etalian									238
		Anisian					Etalian									242
		Anisian					Malakovian									246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					Malakovian									247.2
		Olenekian					Nelsonian									249
		Induan		251.2			Nelsonian
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Makarewan	Dorashamian	Meishanian	251.902
					Waiitian		Meishanian	253.2
							Baoqingian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †	Dzhulfian	Laoshanian	254.14
					Puruhauan			Laoshanian	254.2
					Puruhauan			Laibinian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Aparima	Flettian	Midian	Lengwuan	259.51
		Wordian				Flettian		Kuhfengian	264.28
						Barettian			266
							Murgabian		266.2 *
		Roadian					Murgabian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					Kubergandian	Luodianian	273.01
						Mangapirian	Kubergandian		276
							Bolorian		279.8
		Artinskian							283.5
						Telfordian			285
								Longlinian	285.4 *
							Yakhtashian		286
							Yakhtashian		288.5
		Sakmarian					Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian					Asselian	Zisongian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Mapingian †	Zisongian		298.9
		Gzhelian						300.1
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Kasimovian						305.9
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean						330.9
		Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Ashgill		Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian								Rawtheyan	445.2
										Cautleyan	448.9 *
										Pusgillian	449.3 *
								Caradoc		Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
										Cheneyan		451.5 *
										Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian										453
											Actonian †	453.2 *
											Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
											Longvillian †		455.2 *
										Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
										Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian								Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
		Dapingian								Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
		Dapingian						Arenig		Fennian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian								Fennian			470
										Whitlandian			471.1 *
										Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian						Tremadoc		Migneintian			477.7
								Tremadoc		Cressagian			480.8 *
													485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10											485.4
		Jiangshanian											489.5
		Paibian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †									497
		Guzhangian											Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian												500.5
		Wuliuan												Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4												Branchian	509
		Stage 3												Branchian	514
		Stage 3												Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2													521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian													529
																538.8